vocabulary
the name of the structure along which earthquakes occur because of crust movement.
fault
The theory that Earth's surface is made up of moving, rigid plates.
Plate Tectonics
What two forces cause volcanoes to form and erupt?
compression and tension
What are the three agents of erosion and deposition?
wind, water, ice
States that Earth's surface is broken into rigid plates.
Plate tectonics
New material is added to tectonic plates at _____ boundaries.
divergent
What evidence do scientist use to support the theory of plate tectonics?
continental shapes, geological evidence, climate and fossil evidence
What kind of force would cause an earthquake at a transform boundary?
shear forces
How are erosion and deposition related?
erosion carries sediment and sediment is put down in a new location through deposition
forces created by plate motion can produce (2 things)
earthquakes and volcanoes
Tiny fragments of solidified lava are called .....?
volcanic ash
How does Earth's mantle move tectonic plates?
convection: hotter mantel rises and cooler mantle sinks. This causes the mantle to push and pull tectonic plates over Earth's surface.
What kind of forces produce ridges or mountains?
compression and tension
How could a farmer protect soil from wind erosion?
plant crops to hold down the soil and prevent erosion.
this process break rock into sediment
What kind of force exists at convergent boundaries?
compression
What are the two ways plates can interact at convergent boundaries?
subduction zones, mountains form
How do earthquakes form at convergent boundaries?
At convergent boundaries, the sinking plate release water into the mantle. This causes the mantle to melt and form magma, which rises and erupts as lava to form a volcano.
How can water cause both physical weathering and erosion?
running water carries sediment (erosion)
where plates move past each other to produce shear force.
transform boundaries
What is the name of the process that breaks down rock?
weathering
What kind of feature forms on the ocean floor when plates move apart?
mid-ocean ridge
How could a volcanic eruption cause temperatures to change on Earth?
volcanic materials that are blown into the atmosphere could block sunlight, causing Earth's surface temperature to decrease.
how does the growth of plants affect soil formation?
Plant roots help break down rock. Dying plants add organic matter to the soil.
soil