Gene regulation
General patterns of gene regulation in multicellular organisms
What are temporal (different times in the life cycle), tissue-specific (different parts of the body), and homeostatic (responses to hormones, intracellular conditions, or environmental factors)?
A cluster of adjacent, functionally related genes that share a common promoter and are transcribed/ regulated as a unit (all or none expression)
What is an operon?
The sequence in front of a eukaryotic gene to which RNA polymerase binds
What is a TATA box?
Highly compacted, dark staining regions of chromosomes where gene expression is mostly OFF?
What is Heterochromatin?
(Euchromatin - contains most transcribed/active genes).
Term for a gene that is not regulated
What is a constitutive gene?
The substance that must be present for the lac operon to be expressed
What is lactose?
Regulation where the presence of some substance causes a gene to be transcribed
What is induction?
The lac operon is regulated at this level.
What is transcription?
The place in a eukaryotic cell where transcriptional regulation occurs.
What is the nucleus?
The substance that must be ABSENT from the bacteria' food for the lac operon to be expressed.
What is glucose?
Condition where presence of a particular substance prevents transcription
What is repression?
The regions of DNA that activators and repressors bind, in order.
What are enhancers and silencers?
Main purpose of regulating gene expression for bacteria
What is energy conservation?
The name for the region of DNA next to a bacterial promoter which blocks transcription when occupied and the name of the protein which binds to that DNA.
What is an operator (the DNA) and repressor protein (the protein that binds it)?
Organisms that have genes organized into operons
What are prokaryotes (bacteria, archaea)
Level of control including alternative intron splicing
What is post-transcriptional?
The scientists who described how the lac operon is regulated.
Who are Jacob and Monod?
Level of control that includes proteolytic processing, chemical modification, and differential protein stability
What is Posttranslational control?