Alliances & Countries
Name three countries belonging to the Allies.
Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia (others: USA, Italy, etc.)
What does CPS stand for?
Commission of Public Safety
What were trenches used for during WWI?
They were dugouts used for protection and fighting in the war.
What is “propaganda”?
Organized spreading of information to persuade people to support a cause.
Who won World War I?
The Allies
Name three countries belonging to the Central Powers.
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (others: Bulgaria)
What was one main job of the CPS in Minnesota during WWI?
To oversee the state's war effort and crack down on suspected disloyalty.
Name two effects mustard gas had on soldiers.
Caused painful blisters, burned eyes, breathing problems, and/or death.
Name two methods of propaganda used in the U.S. during WWI.
Posters, parades, songs
What did some Americans hope would happen after WWI?
That it would be the “war to end all wars” and future wars could be avoided.
What event began World War I in Europe?
The assassination of a member of Austria’s royal family (Archduke Franz Ferdinand).
Name two ways the CPS affected German Americans.
Censored German schools, language, and music; Pressured some to change their names to sound more American; Limited free speech; Assaulted German Americans
List two ways Norman County residents helped the war effort.
Enlisted in the military; Raised money for the Red Cross; bought war bonds; knitted for troops; harvested crops; served as nurses
What was the main purpose of propaganda in WWI?
To convince Americans to support the war effort.
Name one reason German immigration to Minnesota dropped after 1910.
The U.S. had been at war with Germany, and Germans might not have felt welcome or wanted to come.
Why were German immigrants to Minnesota sometimes treated unfairly during the war?
Because Germany fought for the Central Powers, and many Americans saw German immigrants as disloyal.
Who was Louis Fritsche and what happened to him during WWI?
He was the mayor of New Ulm who was forced from office because people thought he was disloyal (he led a meeting about not sending young men to fight relatives in Germany).
What was a “war bond”?
A certificate sold to citizens to help pay for the war.
What is “patriotism”?
Loyalty to one’s country.
What is one belief Americans had about how the world would change after WWI?
Democratic governments would spread; future wars could be avoided.
Name four neutral countries during WWI.
Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Switzerland (others: Denmark, Spain)
Give one argument FOR and one AGAINST the CPS based on public opinions from the time.
FOR: The CPS protected national security and promoted patriotism.
AGAINST: The CPS threatened freedoms and gave too much power to government.
Describe one challenge that soldiers faced in the trenches.
Constant fighting, little food or sleep, new weapons like gas and airplanes, harsh conditions, shellshock.
Name and describe one persuasion strategy used in propaganda posters.
Bandwagon: Suggests everyone is supporting the cause, so you should too; Emotional appeal: Inspires strong positive or negative feelings; Name-calling: Uses negative words against the enemy.
After the war, what did many people question about the CPS?
Whether the CPS had gone too far in limiting freedoms and gaining too much power.
List at least three pieces of evidence showing that Minnesota’s efforts to promote loyalty during WWI had harmful results.
The CPS targeted German Americans and censored German language and culture; Some German Americans changed their names to avoid suspicion; Mayor Louis Fritsche was forced from office for his heritage and views; Members of groups like the Nonpartisan League faced bullying, violence, or accusations of disloyalty; Immigrants from many countries were required to register with the state.