Ch. 15 Infection Control
Some microorganisms, called aerobic organisms, require oxygen to live. Page 406
Aerobic
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and suppresses the immune system. Page 410
AIDS
Disinfection: This is a process that uses chemical disinfectants to destroy or kill pathogenic organisms. Page 412
Chemical Disinfection
Disinfection: This is a process that uses chemical disinfectants to destroy or kill pathogenic organisms. It is not always effective against spores and viruses. Page 412
Disinfection
Exogenous means the infection or disease originates outside the body. Page 410
Exogenous
Are used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei: page 153
Airborne Precautions:
Others, called anaerobic organisms, live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen. Page 406
Anaerobic
Sterile means free from all organisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, including spores and viruses. Contaminated means that organisms and pathogens are present. Any object or area that may contain pathogens is considered to be contaminated. Page 412
Clean
Guidelines recommended by the CDC for reducing the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents.
Droplet Precautions:
Reservoir: an area where the infectious agent can live; some common reservoirs include the human body, animals, the environment, and fomites, or objects contaminated with infectious material that contains the pathogens. Page 411
Fomites
Asepsis is defined as the absence of disease-producing microorganisms, or pathogens. Page 412
Asepsis
Bacteria are simple, one-celled organisms that multiply rapidly. Page 406
Bacteria
Disease that is spread from one person to another person. Page 16
Communicable Disease
Filoviruses such as Ebola and Marburg first affected primates and then spread to humans. These viruses cause hemorrhagic fever, a disease that begins with flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, headache, myalgia (muscle pain), and a skin rash. Page 409
Ebola:
Fungi are simple, plant-like organisms that live on dead organic matter. Page 408
Fungi
An autoclave is the most common piece of equipment used for sterilization. Page 412
Autoclave
Bioterrorism is the use of microorganisms, or biologic agents, as weapons to infect humans, animals, or plants. Page 413
Bioterrorism
Guidelines recommended by the CDC for reducing the risk of transmission of epidemiologically important microorganisms by direct or indirect contact.
Contact Precautions
Endogenous means the infection or disease originates within the body. Page 410
Endogenous
A health care-associated infection (HAI) (formerly referred to as nosocomial or hospital-acquired) is an infection acquired by an individual in a health care facility such as a hospital or long-term care facility. Page 410
Health Care-Associated
The formation of bubbles in a liquid. Page 16
Cavitation
For disease to occur and spread from one individual to another, certain conditions must be met. These conditions are commonly called the chain of infection. Page 411
Chain of Infection
Contaminated means that organisms and pathogens are present. Page 412
Contaminated
A bioterrorism attack could cause an epidemic and public health emergency. Page 414
Epidemic
Helminths are multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes. Page 410
Helminths