Exploration
An early Portuguese explorer explained his motives: “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.
Bartolomeu Dias
Establish and direct trade throughout Asia. These companies had the power to mint money, make treaties, and even raise their own armies.
Dutch East India Company
In time, the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas — known as the
Atlantic Slave Trade
Economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit
Capitalism
Something not related to religion or religious matters, essentially meaning "worldly"
Secular
The son of Portugal’s king. __________ dreams of overseas exploration began in 1415
Prince Henry
Voyager from Spain in 1492. Instead of sailing south around Africa and then east, he sailed west across the Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route to Asia
Christopher Columbus
The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America was known as the
Middle Passage
Company in which people pooled their wealth for a common purpose
Joint-Stock Company
Famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
He began exploring the east African coast. In 1498, he reached the port of Calicut, on the southwestern coast of India.
Vasco de Gama
In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed ______________, in which they agreed to honor the line.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Over one trade route, Europeans transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa. There, traders exchanged these goods for captured Africans. The Africans were then trans- ported across the Atlantic and sold in the West Indies. Merchants brought sugar, coffee, and tobacco in the West Indies and sailed to Europe with these products
Triangular Trade
Economic policy of increasing wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods than are bought
Mercantilism
A technique that artists use to depict three-dimensional objects and spaces on a two-dimensional surface
Perspective
Mixed Spanish and Native American — population
Mestizo
In 1532, another conquistador, ___________ , marched a small force into South America. He conquered the Incan Empire
Francisco Pizzaro
Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange
Condition resulting from selling more goods than are bought
Favorable Balance of Trade
A political treatise written by the Italian Renaissance philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli
The Prince
Lured by rumors of vast lands filled with gold and silver, ____________ carved out colonies in regions that would become Mexico, South America, and the United States
Conquistadors
In 1519, as Magellan embarked on his historic voyage, a Spaniard named _________ landed on the shores of Mexico. After colonizing several Caribbean islands, the Spanish had turned their attention to the American mainland.
Hernan Cortes
Although the Spanish conquerors lived among the native people, they also oppressed them. In their effort to exploit the land for its precious resources, the Spanish forced Native Americans to work within a system known as
Encomienda
A person or group that supports or funds a person, institution, or activity
Patron
A philosophy that focuses on human welfare and values, and rejects supernatural beliefs
Humanism