pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
What are the three subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase?
E1, E2, E3
What enzyme forms citrate in the presence of oxaloacetate?
citrate synthase
What is produced in the catalyzation of malate to oxaloacetate?
NADH
What is produced in the catalyzation from isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?
CO2 and NADH
Why can the citric acid cycle oxidize an unlimited number of acetyl groups?
The regeneration of oxaloacetate
or
Oxaloacetate is produced in the last step and consumed in the first step
What is the E1 coenzyme?
TPP (bound)
What enzyme forms fumarate from succinate?
succinate dehydrogenase
What is produced in the catalyzation of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-coA?
CO2 and NADH
What are the four dehydrogenase enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle?
isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
succinate dehydrogenase
malate dehydrogenase
What are the E2 coenzymes?
lipoamide (bound)
CoA (substrate)
What enzyme forms alpha-ketoglutarate from isocitrate?
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
What enzyme forms malate from fumarate?
fumarase
What is produced in the catalyzation of succinyl-CoA to succinate?
GTP or ATP
Which enzyme is similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase and why?
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
because both enzymes produce a compound with CoA
What are the E3 coenzymes?
NAD (substrate)
What enzyme forms succinyl CoA from alpha-ketoglutarate?
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What enzyme forms oxaloacetate from malate?
malate dehydrogenase
What is produced in the catalyzation of succinate to fumarate?
FADH2
What are the rate-controlling enzymes of the citric acid cycle?
(hint: there are three)
citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
What enzyme forms succinate from succinyl CoA?
succinyl CoA synthetase
What are all the products of the citric acid cycle?
3 NADH
2 CO2
1 FADH2
1 GTP or ATP
What products from the citric acid cycle are used in the electron transport chain?
FADH and NADH
What intermediate from the citric acid cycle does fatty acid biosynthesis use?
fatty acid biosynthesis uses acetyl-coA