Acids and Bases
What is the relationship between acid and conjugate base, and base and conjugate acid?
Acid turns into conjugate base when it loses a proton
Base turns into conjugate acid after it gains a proton
** each pair is on opposite sides of the reaction arrow
14 = ...
pH + pOH
What is the definition of a buffer.
BONUS: What makes up a buffer?
A buffer resists change in pH.
Consists of a conjugate acid-base pair
Name the three acid and base definitions
- Arrhenius
- Bronsted Lowery
- Lewis
"When you know one, you know all four." What are the four components?
BONUS: How do you convert between them?
pH, [H+], pOH, [OH-]
pH = -log [H+], [H+]=10^-pH
pOH = -log [OH-], [OH-] = 10^-pOH
14 = pH + pOH
What is an indicator?
Substance in a titration that signals the completion of a chemical reaction, usually by changing color.
Name all 7 of the strong acids:
HCl - Hydrochloric
HBr - Hydrobromic
HI - Hydro Iodic
HNO3 - Nitric
HClO3 - Chroric
HClO4 - Perchloric
H2SO4 - Sulfuric
The larger the Ka the...
Stronger the weak acid
Differentiate the equivalence point and endpoint
Eq point = actual completion of the chemical rxn
Endpoint = observable signal indicating completion (detected by indicator)
Name all 8 of the strong bases
LiOH - Lithium Hydroxide
NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide
KOH - Potassium Hydroxide
RbOH - Rubidium Hydroxide
CsOH - Cesium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 - Calcium Hydroxide
Sr(OH)2 - Strontium Hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 - Barium Hydroxide
pH acidic, basic, and neutral ions come from:
What is the definition of the common ion effect?
Buffer works through this, when a partially dissolved ion substance is added to a solution with the same ion from another source.
Addition of a common ion decreases solubility of ionic compound