Industrial Revolution I
The surge in new workers for the factories was due to ________ becoming more efficient, and therefore less workers were needed in that industry.
Farming
Which country had the most favorable conditions for the I.R. to take off?
Great Britain
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued in the Communist Manifesto that in all of human history, all conflicts are based on what?
Class struggle (one group taking economic advantage over another)
What English queen is known as the "Grandmother of Europe"?
Queen Victoria
(Her kids and grandchildren enter royal lines of other European countries. During WWI, Kaiser Wilhelm II (DE), Alexandra (wife of Nicolas III of RU), and King George V (U.K.) were all cousins.
Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered what when experimenting with vacuum tubes
X-rays
Who developed a 4-year crop rotation cycle that would replenish the minerals needed in soil, and also discovered that using fertilizer will increase crop yields?
Charles Townshend
John Kay invented the _______ _____, which allowed the weaver to work faster and weave cloth in a greater weave.
Flying shuttle
In the mid-1800s, the British Parliament, only land-owning males could vote or be in public office, which denied equal representation to the new booming industrial city workers. What is the name of the movement for universal manhood suffrage?
Chartism
In 1844 George Williams open what Christian mission in London?
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)
Who wrote the books On the Origins of Species and The Decent of Man?
Charles Darwin
The books promoted the idea of evolution, survival of the adapted to their environment, and humans being descended from lesser beings).
What method was created in 1856 to cheaply and efficiently make steel by shooting air into molten iron to help rid it of impurities.
Bessemer Process
(developed by Henry Bessemer)
As one of the functions of mass production, what allowed products to be made cheaply and if a certain part of it breaks, you can repair it yourself with spare parts?
Interchangeable parts
(Created by Eli Whitney)
William Wilberforce was a member of the British Parliament. What institution did he lay the foundation down to an end in Britain in 1833?
Slavery
(Wilberforce got Parliament to make the slave trade illegal in 1807. He continued to work to abolish slavery)
In Adam Smith's revolutionary economics book, Wealth of Nations, he advocated for laissez faire capitalism. What is laissez faire?
For the government to leave businesses alone so they can flourish
John Dalton is known as the formulator to what?
Atomic theory
(the proposed that the elements have distinct characteristics composed of particles called atoms)
In what year did the Wright Brothers take their first successful powered flight in Kitty Hawk, N.C.?
1903
What new type of engine was developed in 1885 found a new use for petroleum and was used to power cars?
Internal combustion engine
The British Parliament passed a law that did the following, what is it called?
1) No Child <9 could work in textile mill
2) Children from 9-13 could work no more than 8 hrs/ day
3)Children had to receive at least 3 hrs of schooling.
Factory Act of 1833
(It was the first law to curb abuses on employees)
In an important part of English history, Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli enhanced British dominance in the Mediterranean when he purchased shares into what in 1875?
The Suez Canal in Egypt
(PM Disraeli heard that the viceroy of Egypt was selling his shares in the canal, so Britain bought 44% of the shares. They held partial control until 1956 when the President of Egypt, Nasser, nationalized the canal. This lead to the Suez Crisis).
What English writer was a social critic who attacked injustices in society during the I.R.?
Charles Dickens
(Authors of Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol, etc)
Why did factory owners make their employees work 14-16 hours a day, 6 days a week?
to maximize profits
After 1860, who began replacing small businesses because they could not afford big, heavy machinery?
Corporations
As Britain became more representative to the people, it led the country down the path to the concept of the government assuming the responsibilities for their material and social well-being of every individual. This concept is known as what?
Welfare state
Although your textbook teaches 4 different forms of socialism, they're all based on two false ideas, which are?
1) Man is naturally good, it is society that corrupted him.
2) If society can be improved, then so can man, all injustices will stop
Which postimpressionist painter would distort figures in his painting to portray intense emotions he had for his subjects?
(he became a forerunner of expressionism)
Vincent van Gogh