Anatomy
What are the tiny projections throughout the digestive tract that are responsible for absorbing nutrients?
villi
What do you call gallstones?
cholelithiasis
List the functions of the digestive system.
Absorption
Elimination
Digestion
What structure is responsible for absorption?
villi
What organ contains HCl?
Bonus: what does HCl break down?
stomach
proteins
What is the peritoneum?
the serous membrane that holds the abdominopelvic organs in place
What is GERD?
What does bile do?
BONUS: where is it stored?
emulsify fat
gallbladder
Where can we find pepsin?
Bonus: what does it break down?
stomach
proteins
What organ produces lipase?
Bonus: what does lipase break down?
pancreas
fats
What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?
BONUS: which layer is responsible for peristalsis?
mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, serous membrane
smooth muscle
What is diverticulitis?
weakening of the colon wall that can lead to protruding pouches
What is the digestive tracts' nervous system called?
the enteric nervous system
Which organ is responsible for storing excess sugar?
liver
Why is sodium bicarbonate important?
neutralizes the HCl from our stomachs
How many deciduous teeth do humans have?
20
Compare and contrast anorexia and bulimia.
anorexia is habitually consuming less than necessary calories for survival
bulimia is binge-eating followed by forced vomiting; Russel's sign
What nutrients are digested in the mouth?
Bonus: by what enzyme?
starches
salivary amylaseWhat occurs in the duodenum?
Bonus: what are the 2 other sections of the small intestine?
dump of bile and pancreatic juice to further digest material coming from stomach
jejunum, ileum
What enzymes digest disaccharides to monosaccharides?
maltase, sucrase, lactase
List the salivary glands.
Bonus: what enzyme is in saliva?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
salivary amylase
Compare and contrast IBD and IBS.
IBD: pain, diarrhea, weight loss and rectal bleeding; ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease
IBS: common; pain and constipation OR diarrhea; intestine is overly sensitive to stimulation often brought on by stress
Compare and contrast nuclease and trypsin.
nuclease digest nucleic acids
trypsin digests proteins to peptides
Summarize the entire process of digestion.
mouth: chemical/mechanical digestion
esophagus: transport to stomach
stomach: mechanical/chemical digestion, peristalsis/propulsion; fats and proteins; absorption of lipid-soluble stuff
small intestine: chemical/mechanical digestion; absorption of peptides, amino acids, sugars, fats, vitamins and minerals
large intestine: mechanical digestion, segmentation and propulsion; absorption of ions, water, vitamins
What is urea?
waste product of protein metabolism