Clean Up the City!
This system of rewarding political supporters with government jobs was blamed for rampant corruption during the Gilded Age.
What is the spoils system?
Theodore Roosevelt coined this term to describe journalists who relentlessly uncovered filth, abuse, and corruption in American society.
What are muckrakers?
Theodore Roosevelt became the first president to side with striking workers when he threatened to send federal troops to operate these facilities in 1902.
What are coal mines?
This 1920 constitutional amendment granted women full voting rights across the nation.
What is the Nineteenth Amendment?
African American educator who founded the Tuskegee Institute and advised Black Americans to gain industrial skills to advance gradually in society.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
Passed in 1883 following President James Garfield's assassination, this law created the Civil Service Commission to award government jobs based on merit.
What is the Pendleton Act?
This muckraking novel exposed horrific, unsanitary practices in Chicago's meatpacking plants, triggering widespread public outrage.
What is The Jungle?
Theodore Roosevelt used this term to describe his campaign promise that all groups—workers, consumers, and business owners—should have an equal opportunity to succeed.
What was the Square Deal?
Before national suffrage passed, women first won full statewide voting rights primarily in this region of the United States.
What is the West?
Harvard-educated scholar who rejected accommodationism, urged active resistance against discrimination, and helped found the NAACP in 1909.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
Notorious New York political boss who cheated the city out of over $100 million before being exposed by cartoonists.
Who was Boss Tweed (William Tweed)?
This photographer and writer published shocking images of slum life in books like How the Other Half Lives.
Who was Jacob Riis?
This third party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 after he split with William Howard Taft, effectively handing the presidency to Woodrow Wilson.
What was the Progressive Party (or Bull Moose Party)?
Radical temperance activist known for marching into saloons with a hatchet to smash liquor bottles and beer kegs.
Who was Carry Nation?
Mutual aid groups established in Mexican American communities (barrios) to pool resources for legal assistance, insurance, and helping the sick.
What are mutualistas?
Political cartoonist whose drawings of a greedy political boss were so famous that Spanish police recognized and arrested the fleeing fugitive.
Who was Thomas Nast?
This journalist wrote a scathing investigative history accusing John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company of unfair monopoly tactics.
Who was Ida Tarbell?
Woodrow Wilson's program to restore free business competition by creating the Federal Trade Commission and passing the Clayton Antitrust Act.
What was the New Freedom?
This suffragist leader founded the National Woman's Party and organized relentless white-house picketing to press President Woodrow Wilson for a federal constitutional amendment.
Who was Alice Paul?
Organization founded in response to anti-Semitism and the wrongful conviction and lynching of Leo Frank in Georgia.
What is the Anti-Defamation League (ADL)?
Dubbed "Battling Bob," this governor turned his state into a testing ground for Progressive political reforms like the direct primary.
Who was Robert La Follette (and what was the Wisconsin Idea)?
This crusading African American journalist targeted the epidemic of lynching in the South, calling for boycotts of segregated streetcars and white-owned stores despite threats to her life.
Who was Ida B. Wells?
In 1904, the Supreme Court ordered the breakup of this massive railroad trust after Theodore Roosevelt brought suit against it under the Sherman Antitrust Act.
What was the Northern Securities Company?
Longtime leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) who broadened the organization's focus to include fighting for women's suffrage.
Who was Frances Willard?
The 1907 informal pact between Theodore Roosevelt and Japan where Japan agreed to halt worker emigration to the U.S. in exchange for California ending school segregation and allowing wives to join their husbands.
What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?