Frequency Distributions
A summary of data that shows the number (frequency) of observations in each of several non-overlapping classes
Frequency distribution
Constructed by placing the variable of interest on the horizontal axis and the selected frequency measure (absolute frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency) on the vertical axis (used for quantitative data)
Histogram
Useful graph for analyzing the relationship between two variables
Scatter Charts
Excel function used to find covariance
Data on which numeric and arithmetic operations, such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, can be performed
Quantitative data
It is a tabular summary of data showing the relative frequency for each bin
Relative frequency distribution
a chart that uses parallel, rectangular bars to compare quantities or frequencies for different categories of data
Bar Graph
Descriptive measure of the linear association between two variables
Covariance
Excel Function used to find the Correlation coefficient
=CORREL
Data on which arithmetic operations cannot be performed
Categorical data
Summarizes the percent frequency of the data for each bin
Percent frequency distribution
A crosstabulation in Microsoft Excel
PivotTable
Measures the relationship between two variables and not affected by the units of the measurement for x and y (r)
Correlation Coefficient
R = 1
Perfect Positive relationship
The difference in a variable measured over observations
Variation
The Excel function used to create a frequency distribution for categorical data
=COUNTIF
A line that provides an approximation of the relationship between the variables
Trendline
Correlation Coefficient Squared
Coefficient of determination
R=-1
Perfect Negative Relationship
Set of values corresponding to a set of variables
Observation
The Excel function used to make a frequency distribution of quantitative data
=FREQUENCY
Visual methods of displaying data
Charts (or Graphs)
Shows direction of relationship with units
Slope
R=0
No Linear Relationship
The facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation
and interpretation
Data