Basics of Chemistry
Water Properties & pH
Bonds & Chemical Reactions
Macromolecules
Enzymes
100
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is matter?
100
The type of substance releases H+ ions in solution.
What is an acid?
100
The bond that forms when electrons are SHARED.
Covalent bond.
100
Macromolecules are organic compounds because they all contain __________________. Inorganic compound don't have this.
Carbon
100
The amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin.
Activation energy
200
A pure substance made of ONE KIND OF ATOM that cannot be broken down chemically is known as
An element
200
This property of water allows the body cool itself quickly and efficiently.
What is the high heat of vaporization?
200
The bond that forms when an atom GAINS or LOSES electrons to another atom.
Ionic bond
200
Long chains of AMINO ACIDS form this macromolecule
Proteins
200
Enzymes are important in living things because they speed up chemical reactions by...
Decreasing the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
300
A mixture within the body
What is blood?
300
Water is sometimes referred to as the universal solvent. This structural characteristic causes ionic compounds to disassociate in water.
What is polarity?
300
In a chemical reaction, the STARTING/ORIGINAL materials are called the _____________.

The NEW/ENDING materials are called the _____________.

Starting/original materials = reactants

New/ending materials = products

300
Molecules that classified as carbohydrates include starches and ...
sugars
300
The reactant that enzymes act on is called ....
The substrate
400
A chemical reaction in which bonds are formed
What is a synthesis reaction?
400
pH scale measures this.
What is the relative concentration of H+ ions?
400
A weak chemical bond between a slightly (+) part of a hydrogen atom and a slightly (-) charged part of another molecule.
A Hydrogen bond
400
This macromolecule has the monomer of a glycerol + 3 fatty acids chains.

Examples of this macromolecule includes fats, cholesterol, and waxes.

Lipids
400
Although enzymes are not hard or rigid, they are sometimes compared to a "lock and key".

Explain why enzymes are similar to a "lock and key".

Just like a lock will only work with a specific key, an enzyme will only work on a specific substrate.
500
Protons and Neutrons
What are the two types of subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom?
500
Water's has a number of unique properties makes it important to life.

It surrounds, is found inside, and influences the shape of the membrane of all ____ in every living thing.

cells
500
In a chemical reaction, energy is _____________ or ____________ as chemical bonds break and new bonds form.
Energy is ABSORBED or RELEASED
500
DNA and RNA, which store heriditary info, are examples of this macromolecule.
Nucleic acids
500
List 4 things that affect enzyme activity.
--pH --temperature --amount (concentration) of the enzyme --amount (concentration) of the substrate
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