Understanding
Matter
Matter
Define Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Draw a gas mixture of 1 element and 1 compound
(Check with teacher)
What are the 4 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
What is the difference between a chemical property and a physical property?
Chemical: How a substance changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions
Physical: Any change in a substance that does not alter the composition of a substance
What causes the difference liquids to vary in viscosity?
Variation in the attractive forces between the particles
What is the difference between atoms and molecules/compound?
An atom is the simplest particle of matter; a molecule/compound is a group of 2 or more atoms
How can the weight of an object change even when its mass remains constant?
Taking the mass onto a different planet or into space will alter the force of gravity, changing the weight.
Describe three characteristics of a solid
Particles in a solid vibrate in place;
has a fixed volume;
fixed shape;
particles are closely spaced;
low compressibility;
high density
What is a physical change?
Any change in a substance that does not alter the composition of a substance
If a fluid has a low viscosity, then does it flow easily or hardly at all?
Flows easily
Explain how matter changes state as energy is removed
As the particles lose energy they lose kinetic energy, particle's attractive forces become stronger, particles cannot overcome the attractive forces, particles continue to lose energy until they become locked into place (solid)
What is the difference between mass and weight on earth?
Mass is the amount of matter; weight is the pull of gravity on matter
Give two examples of a pure substance and two examples of a mixture
Pure substance would be any elements on the periodic table, a compound, or molecules; Mixture would be tea, cookies, oil/water, pizza, lemonade, trail mix, etc.
What is viscosity?
A fluids resistance to flowing
Define freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
Compare heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures
Heterogeneous does not have a uniform appearance; homogeneous has a uniform appearance
What state of matter has a shape and volume that changes to fill the container, density is low, and particle motion is high?
Gas or vapor
Compare evaporation and boiling besides the rate at which is happens
Both are a form of vaporization;
change from a liquid to a gas;
evaporation happens at the surface and boiling can happen anywhere in the substance
If particles in any substance are in constant motion, then why can't solids flow?
Particles vibrate in a solid but are held in place by attractive forces between them (fixed shape even though they are moving)
Define Deposition
A solid if formed directly from a gas (i.e. frost on our windows in winter)
How does a compound differ from a mixture?
Compound is two or more elements chemically combined; mixture is two or more substances physically combined
What factors determine the state of a substance (i.e. solid, liquid, gas)?
The relationship between the kinetic energy (temperature) f the substance's particles and the attractive forces between those particles
List 3 changes in state that involves the adding of energy
Melting, vaporization, (evaporation and boiling) sublimation
Do we know for sure that the Particle Model is correct? Explain
No, but it is workable and explains most of our observations and enables us to make useful predictions
What is the difference between a crystalline and a amorphous solid?
Crystalline solids have a regular, repeating pattern of particles; Amorphous solid particles are a mass of particles with no pattern