Concentrations
What are the different concentracions and their formulas?
Give the formula for Molarity (M)
weight/volume- g/l, mg/dl, etc.
weight percent (%w/v)- g/ml * 100
volume percent (%v/v)- ml/ml * 100
M=moles/L
Define Acids
Acids release H+ions
What are Chemical Reactions
Process by which covalent or ionic bonds are formed and/or broken
What is metabolism?
collectively refers to all chemical reactions in your body
Organic compunds must contain which 2 elements?
Carbon and Hydrogen
What do Physiological Processes depend on?
number of molecules, not weight or size of molecules
-1 mole=molecular weight of substance in grama
Define Bases
Bases absorb H+ions
What are the 3 different reactions? Define them.
Decomposition Reaction- large molecules breaks down into smaller subunits (digestion)
Synthesis Reaction- subunits built into larger molecules
Exchange Reactions- reactants exchange subunits to become new products
What are the 2 subcategories in metabolism? Define them.
Catabolism- breaks down complex molecules into simpler componets (exergonic- releases energy)
Anabolism- building up complex molecules from simples ones (endergonic- absorbs energy)
What are carbon backbones?
Carbons bond to form long chains, branched molecules, and rings
What does electric conductor depend on and what dictates the effect?
depend on electrolytes; concentration AND charge dictate effect
What is the pH scale?
7 is neutral
What do reaction rates depend on?
The nature of the reactants and on the frequency and force of the collision
What is oxidation?
gives up electrons (exergonic- energy releasing)
Carbon backbones carry a lot of what?
Funcional groups
What is an equivalent and answer the question below.
How many moles Na+ will it take to cancel 1 mole OH-?
Charge is accounted for by equivalent (Eq); 1 Eq= moles of an electrolyte needed to balance charge of 1 mole of an oppositely charged monovalent
1 mole Na+ to cancel 1 mole OH-
T/F pH is directly proporcional to H+ concentration?
False, it is inversely proportional
What are the 3 factors that affect reaction rates?
Concentration of reactants, temperature, and catalysts
What is reduction?
Gains an electron (endergonic- energy absorbing)
Define functional groups.
attach to carbon backbones and determines the properties of the molecule
What are electrolytes given in in IV fluids?
mEq/L (milliquivalents per liter)
State whether or not Concentration of reactants, temperature, and catalysts are positively or negatively correlated with reaction rates.
Concentration of reactants- positively correlated with reaction rates
Temperature- positively correlated with reaction rates
Catalysts- alter shape or position of reactants to increase liklihood of reaction; aren't involved in reaction; reusable (ex. enzymes)
What is it called when oxidation and reduction occur together?
Redox Reactions
What are the most common functional groups?
carboxyl, phosphate, hydroxal, amino