Addiction
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the learning process of habitual drug users?
A.Learning the techniques of drug use
b. Learning to perceive the pleasurable effects of drug use
c. Learning to make money from drug use
d. Learning to enjoy the social experience of drug use
Strain theory has its roots in the concept of
anomie
The scientific study of crime, including its causes, responses by law enforcement, and method of prevention is called
Criminology
______ studies how people act, think, and feel in the context of society. That is, how people’s behaviors, thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and goals are constructed and how such psychological factors, in turn, influence their interactions with others.
Sociology
Criminal activity in males has been linked to elevated levels of hormones, specifically
Testosterone
Those who believe that abusers and addicts endanger society with their behavior and should be treated like any other criminals advocate which model of addiction?
Criminal model of addiction
Which of the following, according to strain theory, is one of the means available to the residents of disorganized neighborhoods to gain wealth?
Drug Trafficking
The emerging field of ______ seeks to apply brain imaging techniques and principles to improve the understanding of crime, to predict crime and ultimately to prevent it.
neurocriminology
Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin’s research regarding the “chronic 6 percent” has resulted in
harsher sentences for repeat offenders.
The _______ theory of crime essentially says that once negative behavior patterns have been established, they cannot be changed.
Continuity
The ________ model of addiction believes that addicts are mentally or physically ill.
Medical
The _____________ theory is based on the hypothesis that, as minority groups increase in population and expand geographically, the majority group employs the criminal justice system to oppress those minority groups.
Racial Threat Theory
Researchers who study the causes of crime are called
Criminologists
Social conflict theory focuses on
power.
Practitioners of _____________________ believe that lying, stealing, bullying, and other conduct problems that occur in childhood are the strongest predictors of future criminal behavior.
life course criminology
____ is a neurotransmitter in the brain, which is highly correlated with addiction and physical dependency.
Dopamine
Which theory was described by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling as the “broken windows” effect?
Control Theory
A person is most likely to commit a crime if the ____ are greater than the potential costs.
Perceived benefits
Which among the following, according to social disorganization theory, leads to crime in the disorganized neighborhoods?
High levels of high school dropouts
__________ is the study of how certain traits or qualities are transmitted from parents to their offspring.
Genetics
Studies indicate that individuals who consume __________ are at a greater risk of victimization
Alcohol/Drugs
Through criminal laws, the dominant members of society control the minority members, using institutions such as the police, courts, and prisons as tools of oppression. This is the key concept for which theory?
Social conflict theory
Expanding on rational choice theory, sociologist Jack Katz has stated that the “rewards” of crime may be sensual as well as financial. The inherent danger of criminal activity, according to Katz, increases the ______ a criminal experiences on successfully committing a crime.
Rush
Crime prevention policies associated with social process theory focus on __________.
juvenile offenders
The ________ is the part of the personality which is directly related to the conscience and determines that actions are right or wrong.
Superego