People
studied finches off the coast of the Galapagos; observed that species change over time through fossil record
Associated with the theory of gradualism (slow, gradual change)
Hutton
Evolution occurs at the scale of...
populations
The process of selective breeding by humans for specific traits
artificial selection
shows a hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships among species
evolutionary tree
Believed species were unchanging and each was created perfect
Aristotle
believed traits acquired in one's life were passed on; also, more use would lead to a more exaggerated feature
Lamarck
characteristics that can be inherited and enhance an organisms survival/reproduction
adaptations
features that are shared between closely related species due to descent from a common ancestor
homologous structures
structures/features that served a purpose in ancestors but no longer do in a species
vestigial structures
Came up with the theory of uniformitarianism (same processes that formed the earth still influences the earth)
Lyell
Geologist who discovered that fossils in older rock layers were dissimilar to current species, but fossils in recent layers had similarities to living species
Cuvier
The process by which individuals with more advantageous traits are better able to survive and reproduce to pass traits to offspring
natural selection
features that are similar in early stages of embryological development
embryological homology
similarities in gene/amino acid sequences
molecular homologies
Developed binomial naming system for species, grouped by similarity
Carolus Linnaeus
Captain of the HMS Beagle
Robert FitzRoy
Process describing a change in allele frequencies over time
Evolution