M/F Repro System
Sperm cells are STORED and MATURED in the...
epididymis
The MAIN female hormone- responsible for changes during puberty and development of secondary sex characteristics is
Estrogen
Fertilization normally occurs in the
Fallopian tubes
Name some of the changes to a baby's growth and development during the FETAL stage (weeks 9-birth)
1. External genitalia formed
2. Skeleton continues to ossify
3. Baby begins to move
4. Organ systems continue to mature
*REMEMBER- ALL major organs/systems and external parts are formed during the embryonic stage (Week 2-8)
Following ovulation, how long can an egg cell live?
About 24 hours
What two parts of the male reproductive system produce the fluids that make up semen?
Put them in proper order of release
1. Seminal vesicle (70% of semen fluid)
2. Prostate gland (30% of semen fluid)
Name the MAIN male hormone
Name two secondary sex characteristics that it controls
Testosterone
Secondary sex characteristics: Body hair/ Voice deepens/ Increased muscular growth/ enlargement of testes and penis
If the testes fail to descend, a male will be infertile. Why?
Body temperature is too high (98.6)- Sperm needs about 5 degrees less than that to function properly
At what point in time during the pregnancy can gender be distinguished on an ultrasound?
Approx. 12 weeks
What are the PRIMARY male and female sex organs?
Male: Testes
Female: Ovaries
The organs of the male reproductive system are specialized to do what 3 things?
1. Secrete male sex hormones (testosterone)
2. Produces and maintain sperm
3. Transport sperm in semen to the female reproductive tract for fertilization
Name the hormoneS responsible for the development of a THICK uterine wall at the end of the menstrual cycle AS WELL AS during pregnancy
Progesterone and Estrogen
Which PART of the male reproductive system- supplies the milky-white fluid that is alkaline- WHICH PROTECTS THE SPERM WHILE IT TRAVELS THOUGH THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM towards the egg?
Prostate gland
What are the MAJOR functions of the placenta (x3)
1. Attaches baby to the uterus
2. Secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy (estrogen + progesterone)
3. Provides OXYGEN + NUTRIENTS and REMOVAL OF WASTES
How do ORAL contraceptives, like the "pill" work?
Contain synthetic HORMONES- estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation
Describe the endometrium.
The blood-rich, inner mucous membrane of the uterus--allows for implantation of a fertilized egg
What are the MAJOR functions of testosterone? (x2)
1. Lead to development of male genitalia during fetal development
2. Ensures the development of secondary sex characteristics: Deep voice/ muscle development/ body hair...
3. Maintains sex drive
Describe/Define in-vitro fertilization.
IVF= when an egg is fertilized OUTSIDE the female's body (in the lab)- and then an embryo is introduced to the female's uterus
What are the major functions of the amniotic fluid? (x2)
1. Protection
2. Environment for free movement (exercise)
3. Temperature regulation
Besides sterilization, what are the 3 MOST effective birth control options?
1. Female IUD--intrauterine device- 99% effective (<1% fail rate)
2. Injectable shot- 94% effective (6% fail rate)
3. Combined hormone contraceptives like the "pill" "patch" or "ring"- 91% effective (9% fail rate)
Describe the epididymis
Tightly coiled tube on the OUTSIDE of the testes - which stores sperm until they have matured
What is known as the "Pregnancy" hormone?
Hint- This is what a pregnancy test is detecting
hCg-- Human chorionic gonadotropin
Name one reason for infertility for:
Males
Females
Males: Testes don't descend/ diseases (like mumps)/ exposure to toxic chemicals
Females: Lack of hormones (FSH/LH)-->Failure to ovulate/ endometriosis/ infections or STDs (like gonorrhea)
Describe the POSITIVE FEEDBACK process of childbirth -make sure to include key hormones and female reproductive parts
1. OXYTOCIN- is the hormone of childbirth
2. Causes contractions of the uterus
3. Pushes baby on cervix--stretching it
4. Causes brain to release MORE oxytocin
5. Continues progressively until birth
Name some symptoms you might experience if you have an STD (x3)?
1. Burning during urination
2. Fever/swollen glands
3. Discharge from penis or ABnormal discharge from the vagina
4. Pain/Itching in the genital region
5. Sores/Blisters/Bumps in genital region