Nuclear Structure
Equation Calculation
Particles
Half Life
MISCELLANEOUS
100
What is in the NUCLEUS of a cell?
Nucleons (PROTONS and NEUTRONS)
100
238 U 92 What is the number of neutrons?
146
100
What is the symbol for an ALPHA PARTICLE (NOT the Greek letter)
four two He
100
What is the DEFINITION of a HALF LIFE?
The amount of TIME it takes for HALF of an amount of a radioactive element to decay
100
What is the name of the machine that detects radioactivity?
GEIGER COUNTER
200
Explain Rutherford's GOLD FOIL experiment and what it told scientists about chemistry.
Shot ALPHA particles at a thin piece of foil and discovered the nucleus of an atom
200
one one hydrogen PLUS four two helium ----> ________ PLUS one zero neutron
4 Li 3
200
What is the math symbol for a BETA particle (NOT the Greek letter)
zero negative one e
200
If you start with 600 grams of PLUTONIUM, and it goes through THREE half lives, how many grams of radioactive PLUTONIUM do you have left?
SEVENTY FIVE GRAMS OF PLUTONIUM
200
What did the SUGAR CUBES, PENNIES, and M&Ms represent?
Radioactive atoms which were decaying at a specific rate
300
What hold the nucleus together?
STRONG FORCE NOT GRAVITY NOT ELECTROSTATICS NOT WEAK FORCE
300
thirteen six carbon ------> twelve six carbon PLUS ______-
1 n 0
300
What is one way to make a gamma ray in nuclear decay?
Electron Capture, positron/electron ANNIHILATION
300
If you have 15 grams of URANIUM left but you started with 480 grams, how many half lives must have passed?
FIVE
300
Which of our lab models had the LONGEST half life?
SUGAR CUBES
400
Electrons exist in an area around the nucleus that we call the _______.
CLOUD
400
two thirty eight, ninety four plutonium ---> two thirty four, ninety two uranium PLUS ________
four two helium
400
What happens when a positron and an electron meet?
THEY ANNIHILATE ONE ANOTHER AND MAKE A GAMMA RAY
400
If the half life of C-14 is ~5700 years, how much C-14 will be left if you started with 7000 grams and it has been 45,600 years?
27 GRAMS
500
Neutrons are n_________ and protons are p_________ c____________.
NEUTRAL, POSITIVELY CHARGED
500
two forty one, ninety four plutonium ----> two forty one, ninety five americium PLUS ________ (and what is the particle called)
zero negative one e (beta particle)
500
Which type of radiation is the most dangerous for humans, and WHY?
Gamma radiation because it has the strongest IONIZING ability (being the strongest of the radiations) and can disrupt our DNA and cause cancer and other radiation sickness
500
What is a positive outcome of nuclear power plants? What is a negative outcome?
+ "free," "easy" power, relatively clean (with no accidents), very efficient and does not disrupt our atmosphere - if there IS an accident, it can cause an area to be "hot" for a really long time; the waste lasts for longer than the course of current human history
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