Ionic & Covalent Nomenclature
Describe the naming rules for an ionic compound like NaCl. What is the name of this compound?
The name of the cation (metals) with a definite charge is unchanged whereas the anion will have the "-ide" suffix replace the last few letters. Sodium Chloride.
Describe the difference between chlorine monoxide and ClO-
Can you draw the the Lewis Dot Structures for both? What is unique about chlorine monoxide?
Chlorine monoxide is what we call a chemical radical because the oxygen cannot fill the octet rule and has a lone electron.
Name the three intermolecular forces in order of relative strenght
Name the three electron geometries and the five molecular geometries.
Electron geometries: Linear, Trigonal Planar, and Tetrahedral.
Molecular geometries: Linear, Bent, Trigonal Planar, Trigonal Pyramidal, and Tetrahedral.
Describe the three states of matter and which of the three contains the most energy.
Solids are the most compact and have the least energy, liquids are less compact and have the second highest energy, gases are the least compact, fastest moving, and have the highest energy.
Contrast the covalent naming rules with ionic naming rules. Name the prefixes (1-10) for covalent compounds.
Covalent compounds will use prefixes to indicate the number of each atom whereas ionic compounds have an unchanged cation with an anion using the "-ide" suffix.
mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
Name the following compound: Cu(OH)2
Copper (II) Hydroxide
Describe the electronegativity trend on the periodic table. Which element is the most electronegative?
Electronegativity increase when moving up and to the right of the periodic table. Fluorine is the most electronegative element.
What change causes the molecular geometry to be different from the electron geometry? E.g. water has a tetrahedral electron geometry but bent molecular geometry; why?
Lone pairs. Electron geometry describes how many "things" are around an atom. The molecular geometry describes how many other molecules are around the atom.
True/False: during a phase change, the temperature of a substance is either decreasing or increasing.
False, during the phase change, the temperature is static while the atoms transition from one state to the next.
Identify the names and whether they are ionic or covalent for the following compounds:
CaS, C2H4
Calcium Sulfide, Dicarbon Tetrahydride
Write the chemical formulas for the following polyatomic ions:
Cyanide, Hydroxide, Ammonium, Hydronium, Acetate
CN-, OH-, NH4+, H3O+, CH3COO-
Rank these molecules from weakest to strongest intermolecular forces:
CH4, C2H4, CH3F, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Methane < Ethylene < Pentane < Fluoromethane
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
What are the electron and molecular geometries for oxygen? If they differ, why? What are the bond angles?
A molecule in which state of matter contains the most energy and why?
Gaseous particles contain the most energy because they are moving at high speeds and therefore have the most kinetic energy.
Write the formula for the compound Copper (II) Phosphide. Is this compound ionic or covalent?
Cu3P2; Ionic because it contains a metal.
Name the following compounds:
Ca(ClO2)2, BeSO3, Mg3(PO3)2
Calcium Chlorite, Beryllium Sulfite, and Magnesium Phosphite
Describe how boiling point, surface tension, and vapor pressure change with stronger IMFs. Why?
With stronger IMFs, the boiling point and surface tension will increase whereas the vapor pressure will decrease. This is because stronger IMFs will prevent molecules from escaping into the air (more molecules in the air means greater vapor pressure).
Draw the Lewis Dot Structures for NF3 and SF2. Describe the electron and molecular geometries for the central atom of each. Which one has small bond angles?
NF3 will be tetrahedra/trigonal pyramidal and SF2 will be tetrahedral/bent. While both will have bond angles <109 degrees, SF2 will have the lesser bond angle because it has more lone pairs.
Name all the phase changes.
Vaporization, Condensation, Sublimation, Deposition, Freezing, Melting
Write the formula or name for the following compounds:
Trisilicon Tetranitride; Mn3N4
Si3N4, Manganese (IV) Nitride
Write the formula or name for the following compounds:
Lead (IV) Bicarbonate; Cr(MnO4)3
Pb(HCO3)4; Chromium (III) Permanganate
Rank these molecules from lowest to highest boiling points:
CH4, BF3, CH3OH, KCl, C2H6
Methane < Ethane < Boron Trifluoride < Methanol < Potassium Chloride
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure of Isopropyl Alcohol: CH3CH(OH)CH3
Describe the electron and molecular geometries of each element.
requires payment to insert image so I'll just draw it for yall
Carbon is tetrahedral, tetrahedral; Hydrogen is linear, linear; Oxygen is tetrahedral, bent.
What is a surfactant and how can it be used to dissolve compounds with differing intermolecular forces?
Surfactants like soaps have a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic tail. This enables it to attach to both polar and non polar compounds to dissolve them.