Classical Conditioning
It is a relatively enduring change in potential behavior that results from experience.
What is learning?
It is any procedure in which an event following a specific response increases the probability that the response will occur.
What is reinforcement?
It is the process of grouping items into longer meaningful units to make them easier to remember.
What is chunking?
It is a memory of an event that never occurred.
What is a false memory?
It is the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in the middle.
What is the serial position effect?
It is learning that takes place when a neutral stimulus (CS) is paired with a stimulus that already produces a response.
What is classical (pavlovian) conditioning?
He originally proposed the Law of Effect, which became the foundation of Operant Conditioning theory.
Who is Edward Thorndike?
Information is typically coded in working memory in ________form.
What is acoustic?
It is the presentation of misleading information that leads people to erroneous reports of that misinformation.
What is the misinformation effect?
It is memory deficits caused by altered physiology of the brain, which might result from an accident or certain physical illnesses.
What is organic amnesia?
It is learning that takes place when the conditioned stimulus is presented at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus.
What is simultaneous conditioning?
A partial reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning in which opportunities for reinforcement occur at variable time intervals.
What is a variable interval (VI) schedule?
Your ________ memory contains general, nonpersonal knowledge concerning the meaning of facts and concepts.
What is semantic?
They are conceptual frameworks that individuals use to make sense out of stored information.
What are schemas?
It is memory loss for information processed after an individual experiences brain trauma caused by injury or chronic alcoholism.
What is Anterograde amnesia?
It is the process by which responses are restricted to specific stimuli.
What is discrimination?
It is the theory that emphasizes the role of observation in learning.
What is social learning theory?
The psychologists who came up with the classic model of memory that states there are three memory systems: sensory memory, short-term (STM) memory, and long-term (LTM) memory.
Who are Atkinson and Shiffrin?
It is an apparent vivid recall of an event associated with extreme emotion or uniqueness, such as the assassination of a president.
What is a flashbulb memory?
It is a process by which information is transferred from short-term electrical activation of neuronal circuits to a longer-term memory coded by physical cell changes in the brain.
What is consolidation?
It is a learned association between two conditioned stimuli (CS2–CS1) that can occur following conditioning to CS1 and an unconditioned stimulus.
What is second-order conditioning?
It is learning that is not demonstrated by an immediately observable change in behavior.
What is latent learning?
It is the very rare ability to retain large amounts of visual material with great accuracy for several minutes.
What is eidetic imagery (photographic memory)?
The famous study that found the way witnesses remember an event can be influenced by the kinds of questions they are asked about the event.
What is the Lost in the Mall study?
It is when information is transferred to long-term memory when new connections between neurons are formed (These changes are thought to involve structural changes in the synapses between neurons, which occur when cell assemblies are simultaneously activated.)
What is the Hebbian rule?