3.1 Rock Cycle Intro
3.2 Igneous Rocks
3.3 Sedimentary Rocks
3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
3.1-3.4 Mix
100
Explain how rocks change (aka the rock cycle).
They form, change, break down, and re-form.
100
Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Give an example of each kind.
An intrusive igneous rock is one that forms when magma cools within Earth. An extrusive rock is one that forms when lava cools on Earth's surface. Intrusive rocks include granite and gabbro and exclusive rocks include rhyolite, pumice, basalt.
100
How can sediment be changed into rock?
Rock particles/sediments get pressed together and get cemented to form sedimentary rock.
100
What conditions determine whether metamorphic changes will occur over a large or small area?
DAILY DOUBLE! If both heat and pressure work on a rock, then changes will occur over a large area. When only one (heat or pressure) works on a rock, then the change occurs over a small are.
100
Give three examples of how people use rocks.
People use rocks to do a variety of things: build houses and skyscrapers, carve to make statues and other works of art, used as a base for pavement for roads and highway. Rocks are also sources of metals such as iron, aluminum, and copper.
200
Where are each of the three types of rocks most commonly found?
They are all found in Earth's crust, but a majority of sedimentary rocks are found on the surface of the crust.
200
Why do intrusive igneous rocks typically have larger crystals?
DAILY DOUBLE! These rocks cool slowly which allow the crystals to grow bigger.
200
A.) What could a geologist learn by finding rocks that have ripples? B.) What if they had mud cracks?
A.) They'd learn the direction of the wind or water currents were traveling when sediments settled. B.) Mud cracks formed in areas where wet periods were followed by dry periods.
200
Explain two results of recrystallization.
The individual mineral crystals can grow larger or new minerals can form.
200
Describe how some rocks form from dissolved minerals.
Some minerals crystallize along the edges of lakes and oceans where the climate is dry and a lot of water evaporates quickly. Over time, the minerals build up and form layers of sedimentary rock.
300
Give two ways in which rocks and minerals are different.
DAILY DOUBLE! Rocks are made of elements (like minerals), but they're not always in the same proportions. Also, rocks can be made out of organic material, but that's not the case with minerals.
300
Explain the relationship between silica content and overall color of an igneous rock.
The silica in the rock, the lighter it is.
300
Describe how limestone might form from the shells and bones of ocean organisms.
DAILY DOUBLE! When organisms with shells and skeletons die, they settle on the ocean floor as layers of sediment become buried pressed together and cemented.
300
Why are some metamorphic rocks nonfoliated (give one reason)?
Some are made up of one mineral or if it hasn't been subjected to high pressure.
300
What is the type of sedimentary rock that fracking typically used on?
Shale
400
What are two examples of rocks that are not made of minerals? What are these rocks made of?
They are obsidian and coal. Obsidian is made of natural glass and coal is made of the remains of ancient plants that have been buried and pressed into rock.
400
What are the two major properties used to classify igneous rocks?
They are crystal size and how much silica is in the rocks.
400
A.) Why is coal an unusual sedimentary rock? B.) How was coal formed?
A.) It's unusual because it's made from shell, plant, and/or animal remains. It's formed when these materials get buried under other layers of sediment and the remains turn into coal after millions of years of pressure.
400
A.) What is foliation? B.) Give an example of a foliated rock?
A.) It's an arrangement of minerals in flat or wavy parallel bands. B.) Examples include phyllite, schist, gneiss, and slate.
400
What is fracking?
Fracking or hydraulic fracturing uses fluids pumped at high pressure to pulverize rock and release oil and gas trapped in rocks.
500
Name the three different rock types and explain how each type forms.
Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. A.) Pieces of rock and other sediments can settle from water and get cemented together to form sedimentary rocks. B.) Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools. C.) When existing rock is subjecting it to great pressure and/or heat, it becomes a metamorphic rock.
500
How does the silica content of lava determine what kind of volcano is created?
The more silica is in the lava, the thicker and stickier it is, the steeper the volcano.
500
A.) Define sediment. B.) What are two types of material can make sediment.
A.) Sediment means "something that settles." B.) Types of material that can make sediment include loose pieces of rocks and minerals, pieces of plant and animal remains.
500
A.) Define metamorphism. B.) What is a parent rock? C.) Give 2 examples of parent/resulting rock pairs.
A.) It's the process in which an existing rock is changed by heat and/or pressure. B.)The original rock is called the parent rock. C.) A few examples of rock pairs are limestone/marble, shale/schist and schist/graphite.
500
What is an example of a metamorphic change over a large area?
DAILY DOUBLE! Mountain ranges can form.
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