Amino Acids
What is the name of the bond that forms polypeptides?
Peptide bond
What is the name of the protein that has a non-polypeptide subunit with the polypeptide?
Conjugated protein
What are all the reactions that occur within the cell?
Metabolism
What is the process of changing the 3D conformation of the enzyme so it no longer functions due to a change in pH or temperature?
Denaturation
Where does a non-competitive inhibitor bind?
Allosteric site and not the active site
What two groups on amino acids form the peptide bond?
Amine and carboxyl
What type of structure has multiple polypeptides linked together by a variety of bonds?
Quaternary
What is the reaction that converts large molecules into smaller molecules?
Catabolism
What types of enzymes are made on ribosomes on the ER and are used outside the cell?
Extracellular enzymes
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind?
Active Site
What type of reaction forms a peptide bond?
Condensation
Why do proteins have a large range of possible structures?
The 20 different amino acids can be used as monomers for polypeptides.
What is a way that birds and mammals maintain a constant body temperature in cold conditions?
The heat generated by metabolism
Shivering
Using brown adipose fat tissue
What is the effect of increasing the temperature on enzyme activity?
Increases activity until it reaches an optimal temperature and then it rapidly decreases activity when it denatures
What is the type of inhibition that prevents the cell from wasting resources?
Feedback inhibition
What makes each amino acid chemically different?
R-group
What type of proteins are insulin and collagen?
Insulin: Globular
Collagen: Fibrous
What is the reaction in which small molecules are converted into larger molecules?
In an enzyme experiment that changes the concentration of the enzyme, what would be the dependent variable?
Rate of the formation of product or the reaction rate
Using penicillin is an example of what type of inhibition?
Mechanism-based
What is an essential amino acid?
Not made by the body and needs to be consumed in our diet
List the four types of bonding that occur in the tertiary structure.
H bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges
Give a reason why a metabolic reaction would not occur in a cell.
Molecules do not collide
Not enough energy for a collision
Low concentration of molecules so fewer collisions
Low temperature
What happens to the activation energy when an enzyme is used in a reaction?
Lowers the activation energy
Increasing substrate concentration will increase the rate of the reaction in what type of inhibition?
Competitive inhibition