T Lymphocytes
These participate in the destruction of foreign organisms. What type of T cells and name the 2 major categories.
What are effector T-cells: helper T cells (CD4+ cells) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells)
This uses recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology.
What is genetic engineering
Differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
What is Natural immunity: nonspecific response to any foreign invader, White blood cell action: release cell mediators such as histamine, bradykinin,
and prostaglandins and engulf (phagocytize) foreign substances, Inflammatory response, Physical barriers, such as intact skin, chemical barriers, and acidic gastric secretions or enzymes in tars and saliva
Acquired immunity: specific against a foreign antigen, Result of prior exposure to an antigen, Active or passive
It is the nurse’s role to do what throughout the diagnostic process?
What is counsel, educate, and support the patient
Takes part in allergic and some hypersensitivity reactions, combats parasitic infections
What is IgE
These are responsible for recognizing antigens from previous exposure and mounting an immune response
What is memory cells
These are capable of self-renewal and differentiation; they continually replenish the body’s entire supply of both RBCs and WBCs.
What is stem cells
deficiency in this has been linked to the development of a number of diseases. it plays an important role in homeostasis, immune function, and apoptosis, among other functions
What is Zinc.
Patients recovering from cancer treatment are at increased risk for infections and increased levels of...
What is psychological distress.
Possibly influences B-lymphocyte differentiation, but role is unclear
What is IgD
Proteins produced by the cells of the immune system that determine the actions of the immune system cells.
What is cytokines
If a specific gene is abnormal or missing, experimental recombinant DNA technology may be capable of restoring normal gene function.
What is gene therapy.
In large doses, these can cause immune suppression. Name 3.
What is antibiotics, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, salicylates, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and anesthetic agents
Name 2 Humoral Immunity Tests
What is B-cell quantification with monoclonal antibody, In vivo immunoglobulin synthesis with T-cell subsets, Specific antibody response, Total serum globulins and individual immunoglobulins
Appears as the first immunoglobulin produced in response to bacterial and viral infections, Activates the complement system
What is IgM
These attack the antigen directly by altering the cell membrane, causing cell lysis (disintegration), and releasing cytolytic enzymes and cytokines.
What is Cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells)
Stem cell transplantation has been carried out in humans with certain types of immune dysfunction, such as...
What is systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and multiple sclerosis
Personal lifestyle choices have an impact on the immune system. Name 4.
What is Poor nutritional intake, smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol, illicit drug use, and occupational or residential exposure to environmental radiation and pollutants
Name 3 Cellular Immunity Tests
What is Total lymphocyte count, T-cell and T-cell subset quantification with monoclonal antibody, Delayed hypersensitivity skin test, Cytokine production, Lymphocyte response to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic cells, Helper and suppressor T-cell functions
Appears in body fluids (blood, saliva, tears, and breast milk, as well as pulmonary, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and vaginal secretions), Protects against respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections, Prevents absorption of antigens from food, Passes to neonate in breast milk for protection
What is IgA
These have the ability to decrease B-cell production, thereby keeping the immune response at a level that is compatible with health
What is suppressor T cells
Cancer treatments that shut down the pathways that allow malignancies to elude the immune system. (Name two)
What is MoAbs, cancer vaccines, immune adjuvants, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and cytokines
The bidirectional pathway between the brain and immune system (the mind–body system) is referred to as... Name 3 biobehavioral strategies that can positively influence the immune system response.
What is psychoneuroimmunology. relaxation, imagery techniques, biofeedback, humor, hypnosis, mindfulness-based strategies, and yoga
Name 5 strategies to reduce the risk of infection.
What is hand hygiene, Infection prevention precautions per institution policy, Continual monitoring for early signs of infection, Teach patients and caregivers to administer medications and therapy at home, Provide ongoing education and support
Assumes a major role in bloodborne and tissue infections, Activates the complement system, Enhances phagocytosis, Crosses the placenta
What is IgG