Muscles
How do shapes and fiber arrangements affect our muscles?
Muscle’s ability to exert force
Range through which it can effectively exert force onto the bones
What is the origin of a muscle?
Functionally & historically, the least movable part or attachment of the muscle
What is dermatome and myotome?
defined area of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve
muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve
What is the Definitions of
Biomechanics
Kinematics
Kinetics
Study of the mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems and especially humans
Description of motion and includes consideration of time, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and space factors of a system‘s motion
Study of forces associated with the motion of a body
2 major types of fiber arrangements?
Parallel & Pennate
Functionally & historically, the most movable part is generally considered the insertion
Defenitions
Sensory neurons-
Motor neurons-
Interneurons-
Sensory neurons- transmit impulses to spinal cord & brain from all parts of body
Motor neurons- transmit impulses away from the brain & spinal cord to muscle & glandular tissue
Interneurons- are central or connecting neurons that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
What is Mechanical advantage?
Ideally using a relatively small force (or effort) to move a much greater resistance
What are the 5 Arrangements of Fascicles?
Circlular Strap
Convergent
Flat
Fusiform
True synergists?
Contract to prevent an undesired joint action of agonist and have no direct effect on agonist action
What is Propriception and Kinesthesis?
Subconscious mechanism by which body is able to regulate posture & movement by responding to stimuli originating in proprioceptors of the joints, tendons, muscles, & inner ear
Kinesthesis – conscious awareness of position & movement of the body in space
What are the defention of
Equilibrium
Balance
Static Equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium
State of zero acceleration where there is no change in the speed or direction of the body
Ability to control equilibrium, either static or dynamic
The body is at rest or completely motionless
All applied & inertial forces acting on the moving body are in balance
What muscle is the Bipennate and Multipennate muscles?
Rectus Femoris
Deltoid
Neutralizers
Counteract or neutralize the action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements such as inappropriate muscle substitutions
What are
Uniarticular muscles
Biarticular muscles
Multiarticular muscles
Cross & act directly only on the joint that they cross
Cross & act on two different joints
Act on three or more joints due to the line of pull between their origin & insertion crossing multiple joints
How many spinal nerves do we have?
31
Muscle contractions can be used to...
cause, control, or prevent joint movement or
Innervation
A muscle may be __________ by more than one ______ & a particular _______ may innervate more than one muscle or portion of a muscle
A muscle may be innervated by more than one nerve & a particular nerve may innervate more than one muscle or portion of a muscle
Name the 12 Cranial Nerves
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
What types of levers are there?
First
Second
Third