covalent bonds and molecules
What is a covalent bond?
A bond between two nonmetals where they share valence electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration
How many electrons does hydrogen need in it’s Lewis structure?
2 electrons
What is the prefix for one atom in covalent naming? prefix for two? Prefix for three?
“Mono-“ “di-“ ”tri-)
What is a group in a periodic table? What is a period in a periodic table?
1. A vertical column 2. A horizontal row
What is a cation? How is it formed?
Positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses electrons?
What are covalently bonded atoms called?
They are called molecules
What is a lone pair?
A pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom
What is the name of the compound CO2?
Carbon dioxide
What group are alkali metals in?
Group 1
What is an anion? How is it formed?
Negatively charged ion, formed when an atoms gains electrons
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?
Polar covalent bonds electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, nonpolar covalent bonds electronegativity difference less than 0.5
How many electrons does a carbon atom need to share to complete its octet?
4 electrons
What do you add to the name of the second element in a covalent compound?
The suffix “-ide”
What is the trend in atomic size as you move down a group?
Atomic size increases
What is the charge of sodium ion (Na+)?
Positive, because it has lost one electron
How do halogens typically form bonds?
typically form single bonds
What is the lewis structure of oxygen (O2)?
two oxygen atoms sharing electrons each to form a double bond
What is the name of the compound N205?
what happens to ionization energy as you move across a period from left to right?
Ionization energy increases
What is the charge of chloride ion (CL-)?
Negative, because it has gained one electron
What is the rule for diatomic molecules?
Are always no polar covalent with an electronegativity difference of 0
What is the Lewis structure for water (H2O)?
Two hydrogen atoms each share one electron with oxygen, and oxygen has two lone pairs
What is the prefix for ten?
“dec-“
What is the trend in electronegativity as you move across a period?
Electronegativity increases
What do halogens tend to do in chemical reactions?
Halogens tend to gain one electron to form anions