Vocabulary
detects and measures the amount of ground motion during a quake
Lava is magma that reaches Earth's surface.
True
What is a Tsunami?
a huge sea wave produced by an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption on the ocean floor
What will violent earthquakes form over time?
a. less violent earthquakes
b. new landforms
c. more violent earthquakes
d. resistance to earthquakes
b. new landforms
magnitude
the amount of energy that an earthquake releases
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain buildings are measured by seismographs.
False
What are some characteristics of a cinder-cone volcano?
- small
- slopes of rock and ash
- deep craters at its summits
- produced by one eruption
- ex) Sunset Crater in Arizona
Movements of Earth’s crust usually take place
a. along an epicenter
b. along a fault
c. along a focus
d. along a mantle
b. along a fault
intensity
a measure of the amount of damage a quake produces
Scientists know how much damage an earthquake causes by studying the distance from a hotspot.
False
- the strength of the earthquake
- the distance from the epicenter
- the makeup of Earth’s surface in the quake zone
What are some characteristics of a composite volcano?
- Cone-shaped
- steep slopes layers of lava and ash
- each eruption of a composite volcano adds a layer of volcanic material to its slope
- often explode violently because of their thick lava trapping gas underneath
- ex) Washington's Mount Rainier
Mt. Fuji in Japan
What do earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building have in common?
a. They occur suddenly.
b. They are measured by seismographs.
c. They result from plate motion.
d. They cause major disasters.
c. They result from plate motion.
focus
the point underground where an earthquake begins
Earthquakes and volcanoes often start landslides carrying away trees, even houses.
True
What are some characteristics of a shield volcano?
- Large
- Gentle slopes layers of lava
- Several vents
- ex) Mauna Loa
A huge ocean wave caused by an earthquake or a volcanic eruption on the ocean floor is called a
a. satellite
b. water main
c. tsunami
d. fountain
c. tsunami
epicenter
the point on the surface directly above the focus
A rockslide is an opening in Earth’s crust through which molten rock escapes
False.
a volcano
Is the worst damage from an earthquake always near the epicenter? Explain your answer.
No. The effects of an earthquake vary throughout a region. The epicenter could be in a remote, unpopulated area so little is damaged. A city many miles away is more likely to have severe damage depending on the land under the city and the way the buildings are constructed.
In California, earthquakes strike because of plate movement along the
a. coastline of the Pacific Ocean.
b. San Andreas Fault
c. Sierra Nevadas
d. edges of San Francisco Bay
b. San Andreas Fault