What common foods are generally well tolerated during diarrhea?
Choose from complex carbohydrates (rice, bread, cereal, noodles, potatoes, crackers), yogurt, cooked vegetables, and lean meats.
200
What foods should the parent avoid giving a child who is vomiting?
fatty, acidified, seasoned foods
300
Children are more likely to lose _____ fluid when they have _____.
1- Extracellular
2- Fever
300
The kidneys help maintain normal serum pH by regulating _________ and _______ in the blood.
Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonate
300
What is the spec. gravity range for dehydration?
>1.020
300
A preschooler with vomiting and diarrhea lost 0.5 kg of weight since being weighed in the pediatrician’s office prior to admission to the hospital. How much fluid would the nurse calculate that this child has lost?
a) 250 mL
b) 500 mL
c) 750 mL
d) 1000 mL
b) 500 mL
One milliliter of body fluid is approximately equal to 1 g of body weight, so a weight loss or gain of 1 kg represents 1 liter or 1000 mL. A half-kilogram loss would be 500 mL
300
An infant who has been vomiting frequently is at risk for?
a) Respiratory Alkalosis
b) Metabolic Alkalosis
c) Respiratory Acidosis
d) Metabolic Acidosis
b) Metabolic Alkalosis
400
Because infants and younger children have a higher proportion of extracellular fluids than older children and adults, they are more susceptible to?
Rapid Cellular Depletion
400
When the blood is too Alkaline, what will the kidneys do to lower blood pH?
-If blood is too Alkaline:
Kidneys CONSERVE hydrogen ions, LOWERING blood pH.
-If blood is too Acidosis:
Kidneys EXCRETE hydrogen ions & CONSERVE bicarbonate, raising blood pH.
400
Why do older children have a less percentage of body weight loss from dehydration than infants or younger children?
Older children have a lower total body water content and ECF volume than do infants and younger children.
400
Why are sport drinks and colas inappropriate fluid choices for a child with diarrhea?
High carbohydrate contents of these drinks may worsen diarrhea and don't replace the electrolytes lost through diarrhea.
400
What may indicate obstruction, tumor or increased intracranial pressure?
a) regurgitation
b) Forceful vomiting
c) projectile vomiting
d) continuous vomiting
c) projectile vomiting
500
Why are infants at greater risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances than older children?
Their kidney functioning is immature
500
What three mechanisms operate to keep the serum pH within the normal range?
1. Chemical & cellular buffers
2. Respiratory system
3. The kidneys
500
What are two appropriate fluids of choice for parenteral rehydration.
Either Ringers Lactate solution or
0.9% Sodium Chloride
500
Parents have a 23-month-old daughter who started having vomiting and diarrhea yesterday. When should the pediatrician’s office be called to find out what to do? (Select all that apply.)
a) If their daughter doesn’t urinate for longer than 4 hrs
b) If their daughter’s fontanel appears sunken
c) If crying produces no tears
d) When the diarrhea has been present for 24 hours
e) The toddler has a fever (>39° C [102° F])
f) If severe abdominal cramps occur
c) If crying produces no tears
d) When the diarrhea has been present for 24 hours
e) The toddler has a fever (>39° C [102° F])
f) If severe abdominal cramps occur
500
What test will be indicated if an obstructive or neurologic process is suspected?