Follow the Leader
He was crowned king of Castile at the age of eighteen, and then beat out his two older half-siblings to claim the crown as king of the united Leon-Castile. He fought to reclaim Spain from the Muslims
Ferdinand III
decree by Gregory IX that said anyone pointed out for heresy by the Dominicans was to be taken into custody by imperial officials (not stormtroopers), held for examination, and then punished
Excommunicamus
His kingdom was known as the Golden Horde. He was not a remote terrestrial planet on the edge of the galaxy in Star Wars.
Batu
This collective region is divided into the Golden Horde, Il-Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, and the Empire of Kublai Khan
The Four Khunates
Louis IX's regent who stopped his kidnapping and protected him from King Henry III
Blanche of Castile
He was named king of Germany by Pope Innocent IV after Henry Raspe died on campaign against Conrad's forces
William of Holland
the penalty for those who had rebelled against the emperor and God himself
Animadversio debita or Debt of Hatred
This duke fell with his men. When his stripped and headless body was found, only his wife could recognize him by the six toes on his left foot
Henry the Pious
What began in Aigues-Mortes and ended in Damietta, ultimately failed, leaving Jerusalem in Muslim hands
The Seventh Crusade
"[She] was a great sovereign, and sagacious, just, beneficent...and of warlike talent, and was endowed with all the admirable attributes and qualifications of kings..."
Raziyya (daughter of the Sultan of Delhi)
He survived on the throne for two decades by not trying to rule. He was devoted to fasting and prayer and the study of the Holy Word.
Nasirudden
the lawmaking assembly of Aragonese nobility
cortes
He created the idea of "absolute papal monarchy," meaning the pope stood above church law, was unbound by it, able to change it, depart from it, or eventually nullify it as needed
Pope Innocent IV
You can find the Sajo River in this country
Hungary
Wife of Louis IX and queen of France who gave birth without a midwife, with the aid of a seventy year old knight, who quickly whisked her and her newborn to safety right before the king's surrender
Margaret of Province
He had a hair-raising childhood: fighting, armed in combat, for the first time at nine; leading a siege at eleven; married at twelve.
James of Aragon
an official pronouncement, validated by the authority of the pope, that reduced the amount of punishment a sinner would have to undergo in the afterlife
crusade indulgence
He was sent into exile when he was ten years old by his co-sultan
Al-Makik al-Ashraf
Those seeking to escape Mongols were generally safe in the shelter of an island because the Mongols didn't like to cross these, even if their prey was in sight.
oceans
After having her husband killed, she was murdered by her husband's ex-wife who had her servants beat her with wooden shoes.
Shajar al-Durr
He became the Great Khan after Guyuk's death but was elected only by a partial assembly, remaining in full control for nine years
Mongke
An estate of land, especially one held on the condition of feudal service
fief
On this day the Bahri agreed to the deal, Louis IX handed over his half ransom and was set free, ending the Seventh Crusade
May 5, 1254
Henry III crossed this twice in his invasions
Ogodei's widow who used her power as regent to get Guyuk elected
Toregene