Immune System
What is a pathogen?
an organism, virus, or particle that can make a person sick.
Diabetes is a disease that can be passed on genetically.
What is this an example of?
non-infectious disease
Who is the scientist known for developing the theory of evolution based on natural selection.
Charles Darwin
What is a fossil?
the remains or imprints of once-living organisms preserved in sedimentary rock.
What are macrophages?
white blood cells that destroy pathogens by engulfing and digesting them.
name the four pathogens that cause infectious diseases
fungus, bacteria, virus, parasites
What is evolution?
The process by which populations change over time.
What type of evidence for evolution refers to anatomical similarities among species that suggest they share a common ancestor.
structural evidence
What is the role of B cells in the immune system?
B cells make antibodies that attach to specific antigens, signaling the body to destroy them.
How are infectious diseases spread?
(4 ways)
Person to person
Animal to person
Food and Water
Contaminated objects
What is the process by which humans breed organisms for certain characteristics?
artificial selection
While embryonic pharyngeal pouches are developed into structures within the head in humans, what do pharyngeal pouches develop into for fish?
gills
What are the external defenses for immunity?
tears, mucous membranes, skin
What are antibiotics used for?
medicines that can kill or slow the growth of bacteria
What does "overproduction" mean in natural selection?
the phenomenon where organisms produce more offspring than can survive to reproduce.
How do fossils provide evidence of evolution?
Fossils provide evidence about the order species have existed and changed over time, showing how life has evolved.
What is a vaccine and how does it work?
A vaccine is a substance prepared from a killed or weakened pathogen that triggers the production of memory cells without causing illness.
What is a method for preventing the contamination of dairy products?
Pasteurization
What is natural selection?
the process in which organisms that inherit advantageous traits tend to survive and reproduce.
What is a vestigial structure?
an anatomical feature that has lost most or all of its original function through evolution