A psychoactive drug that is similar to other sedative hypnotic compounds
What is Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol)?
100
_____ BAC is increased by ~7% then a ____ drinking the same amount of alcohol
What is Woman and Man?
100
Clinical state of reduced responsiveness to a drug; can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, all of which require increased doses of drug to produce an effect once achieved by lower doses.
What is Tolerance?
100
A physical or psychological need for alcohol.
What is Dependence?
100
Alcohols effect on memory.
What are Blackouts?
200
When taken orally, all alcohol is absorbed completely within the gastrointestinal tract.
What is Absorption?
200
______ have ~50% more gastric ADH enzymes than ____
What is Men than Women?
200
How many times of alcohol tolerances are there?
What is 3?
200
Withdrawal of alcohol results in a period of rebound hyperexcitability within hours that may eventually lead to these.
What are convulsions/seizures?
200
Is the cause of 75% of all deaths attributed to alcoholism.
What is Cirrhosis of the liver?
300
After absorption the alcohol is evenly distributed to all body fluids and tissues.
What is Distribution?
300
_____ may have greater ratio muscle to fat than____, thus _____ having a larger vascular compartment (fat has little blood supply).
What is Men than women thus men?
300
Neurons in the brain adapt to the amount of drug present.
What is Tissue, or functional, tolerance?
300
a period of shakiness, with hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, confusion, and disorientation, sleep disorders, and various discomforts.
What is Delirium tremens (DTs)?
300
Was founded in 1935 on a moral model of alcoholism.
What is Alcoholics Anonymous?
400
95% alcohol ingested are enzymatically metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). 5% is excreted unchanged (mainly through lungs); very little through urine.
What is Excretion?
400
______ with higher body fat (fat contains little alcohol) more alcohol is set in plasma
What is Women?
400
The liver increases its amount of drug-metabolizing enzyme, which accounts for approximately 25% of the tolerance to alcohol.
What is Metabolic tolerance?
400
The repeat alcohol withdrawal (obsessive thoughts about alcohol, drink urges, and drinking behaviors) leading to increased relapse rate.
What is the Kindling Model?
400
A range of psychological maneuvers that decrease awareness of the fact that alcohol use is the cause of problems rather than the solution.
What is Denial?
500
the 'downer' neurotransmitter that counters glutamate (upper), as the two mediate brain activation in a Ying:Yang manner,”
What is Inhibitory (Gaba)?
500
A 180 pound man has 6 drinks in 4 hours, while a 140 pound woman also has 6 drinks in 4 hours. Whose Blood Alcohol Concentration is over the legal limit of 0.08?
What is Woman (her BAC is .13)?
500
A variety of environmental manipulations can counter the effects of ethanol, and counterresponses are a possible mechanism of tolerance.
What is Associative, contingent, or homeostatic tolerance?
500
Blocking seizure activity during withdrawal is a major goal of detoxification and usually involves these two classes of of agents.
What are Benzdiazpines and anticonvulsants?
500
A developmental disorder that occurs in the offspring of mothers who have high blood levels of alcohol during critical stages of fetal development is known as this.