Sec. 1
What was nativism?
Dislike for foreigners and the desire to limit immigration.
What was urbanization?
The process of people migrating into urban areas in cities rather than rural areas on farms.
Who was Mark Twain and how did he describe the gilded age?
An author who wrote the book "The Gilded Age"; he described it as a rotten core coated in gold paint.
What does the term "melting pot" represent?
It represents many people from different cultures coming together into one mass culture.
Who was Frederick Law Olmstead and what was his most famous design?
A landscape engineer; Fairmount Park
How did advances in consumer products and transportation affect middle-class family life?
They achieved a higher standard of living. People rushed to modernize their homes and clothing. The cost of living decreased. Better sanitization and healthcare led to the life expectancy to climb.
What is steerage and why was it so dangerous?
The lowest form of accommodation for passengers on a ship; It was overcrowded, dark, dirty, and disease spread quickly.
What was a tenement and why was living in one so difficult?
Low cost multi-family housing made to squeeze in as many people as possible. They had few windows and little sanitization.
What new forms of entertainment began during the late 19th century?
Amusement parks, bicycling, tennis, spectator sports, clubs, music halls, outdoor events, etc;
Why did new immigrants face more resistance than earlier immigrants?
They were resented by old immigrants with different faith and customs.
What did Elisha Otis invent and how did it impact city landscape?
A safety elevator that wouldn't fall if the rope broke; It allowed them to build skyscrapers higher and higher.
What was mass culture and how did it change small cities and towns?
Americans becoming more and more alike in consumption patterns; They became more modernized with chain and department stores.
How did immigrants assimilate to and change American culture?
They fueled industrial growth, acquired citizenship, elected politicians, and made their traditions part of american culture.
How did mass transit systems segregate people by levels of income?
Middle and upper class people took public transportation to and from work, but poorer people who couldn't afford public transport lived in the city and walked to work.
Who were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hears and how were they responsible for spreading American mass culture?
They were newspaper publishers. The newspapers circulated across the US and both reflected and helped create mass culture.