Lesson 1
What was the purpose of a Greek colony?
Greeks needed more food because the population was rising fast after the Dark Age.
What did Cleisthenes contribute to Athenian society?
Made the assembly the leading governing body and creates a new council for men to represent in government
What was Xerxes' role in the Persian Wars?
Sought vengeance after Battle of Marathon and sent a large army to fight at Thermopylae
How did Pericles make Athens a more democratic state?
Appointing people for their abilities, not social class
Forming the assembly - citizens who got to speak up about issues
enslaved laborers of Sparta
helot
Explain how geography led to the rise of city-states.
Because of the rugged mountains and valleys, communities were independent of one another. This allowed them to create an identity and eventually have conflict with each other.
Describe the role of women in Spartan society.
Take care of the home and family BUT also raise women to be strong, fit mothers
What was a contribution from Darius to the Persian Empire?
Organized the government more efficient into satrapies and/or maintaining a full, professional army
Name the primary economic activity of the Athenians.
Farming
when citizens all meet to debate and vote on government matters
direct democracy
Who were the Hellenes and what is their contribution to early Greek society?
Greek farmers who traded neighboring groups and came across the Phoenicians for the alphabet
Why were tyrants on the rise in Greece?
City-states were growing quickly, and the people wanted more of a voice. They turned to tyrants to lead with strong authority.
Describe Cyrus the Great as a leader.
Tolerant of religions, allows Jews to return to Babylon, allows conquered to continue their practices
What was the purpose of Pericles' Funeral Oration
To remind Athens to not give up the fight against Sparta and to honor those who died in war
Greek storytellers who passed on tales from generation to generation
bard
As a male citizen in Greece, name 1 responsibility expected of you.
right to vote, hold public office, own property, defend yourself in court, serve in government, fight for polis
Explain why Sparta used iron bars as currency.
Identify the Greek goal at the battle of Salamis.
Lure the Persians into the strait of Salamis to corner them and attack since their ships are too big... Athens can move fast with smaller ships.
Identify 2 things Athenian women were expected to do AND 1 thing Athenian women weren't allowed to do.
Expected - focus on home and family, marry young, help with farm, sell goods, supervise servants, spun/dye/weave cloth
Couldn't - attend school, own property, participate in political activities
a governor whose job is to collect taxes, manage the police, and recruit soldiers
satrap
Describe the rise and fall of the Minoans and Mycenaeans.
Minoans - settled in Greek peninsula, potentially natural disaster led to decline
Mycenaeans - from central Asia and migrated in to eventually mix with culture to create strong kingdoms, too many powerful kingdoms and natural disaster led to decline
What was Solon's reforms, and why were people unhappy?
Ended farmer's debt and freed the enslaved, opened assembly and law court to male citizens
The wealthy said he was doing too much, but the farmers said he wasn't doing enough. He lost support.
What happened to Persia at the end of the Persian Wars?
Bad government, heavy taxes, no unity for leadership, overall weakening leading to Alexander the Great's attack
Why did Sparta call for a war on Athens in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens was messing with Sparta's allies, and it put pressure on them to start war.
a unified formation in which soldiers raise their shields to protect them from flying arrows
phalanx