Temp Reg/Aging
In order for sweat to function properly and cool the body, it MUST ______________ from the skin.
*HINT: Why is it that most people would prefer to be in a dry desert at 111 degrees, vs. New York in summer when its 85 degrees and 90% humidity
EVAPORATE!
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located where?
Dermis
Acne is a disorder involving what gland?
Sebaceous glands
Exposure to UV light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of what?
Melanin
Exposure to UV radiation greatly increases the chance of what?
Skin cancer
List the MAJOR functions of skin (Name 3)
1. Protection (FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE)
2. Regulates body temperature
3. Synthesizes (makes) vitamin D
What happens to the epithelial cells as they are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface?
They DIE! (Also become flattened and keratinized)
Eccrine sweat glands respond to what?
Elevated body temperature (by Heat/Physical exercise)
A ____________ is a skin transplant from one person to another person, where a ______________ is a skin transplant from one part of the person's body to another part of their body.
Homograft, Autograft.
Skin cells play an important role in the production of which vitamin?
Vitamin D
As a person ages, the skin LAYERS typically become
THINNER (skin becomes reduced)
Tattoos are permanent because.... (2 facts needed)
HINT: Location AND reason
Ink is injected into the dermis, dermal cells do not shed
What is the MAJOR difference between a hair shaft and a hair follicle?
The HAIR SHAFT is made up of DEAD cells, whereas the HAIR FOLLICLE is made up of LIVING epidermal cells
A burn that involves ONLY the epidermis is called
Superficial partial-thickness burn
List three characteristics of a person most likely to develop a cutaneous carcinoma
Over 40, spent/spends a lot of time in the sun, light skin color
List 3 things that happen to the human body when an EXCESSIVE LOSS of body heat occurs.
HINT: Tell me about what is happening IN THE SKIN
1. Dermal blood vessels CONSTRICT (Become pale)
2. Skeletal muscles contract INVOLUNTARILY (Shiver)
3. Sweat glands become inactive
4. Muscles contract -raising skin hairs (goosebumps)
5. Glands secrete hormones to help generate heat
In order from outside to inside- List the 2 layers of the skin as well as the fatty layer
Epidermis / Dermis/ Subcutaneous layer (or hypodermis)
Cutaneous melanomas seem most commonly to be CAUSED by what type of UV exposure?
Relatively SHORT exposure to HIGH-INTENSITY sunlight
What determines a person's skin color? NEED TO BE SPECIFIC
The AMOUNT OF MELANIN produced by melanocytes
Describe inflammation. (3 things)
Reddened appearance, swollen, painful, warm temperature
What are the symptoms of the disorder HYPERthermia? (3 things)
Fatigue, dizziness, heat exhaustion, headache, muscle cramps, and nausea
What type(s) of tissue make up the:
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
Epidermis: stratified squamous EPITHELIAL tissue
Dermis: Mostly CONNECTIVE tissues, with some smooth muscle + nervous tissue
TOP MISSED TEST QUESTION- Linked to Ch. 5
Name the type of cell that each of the following cancers arise from
1: Cutaneous carcinoma
2: Cutaneous melanoma
CC: Non-pigmented epithelial cells
CM: Pigmented melanocytes
TOP MISSED QUESTION ON TEST
Summarize the steps of healing (6 steps)
Hint: Occur AFTER you are cut and start bleeding
1. Coagulation: Blood clot forms
2. Scab formation
3. INFLAMMATION
4. WBC (phagocytes) remove dead cells/bacteria
5. Fibroblasts bind wound together + growth factors released
6. Remodeling- New tissue gains strength and flexibility
In treating a burned patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate what?
The surface area (%) of the burn on the body