History
Elemental Categories
Electric Force
Atomic Radius
Ionization Energy
Electronegativity
200
He was the first to discover that when elements are arranged in order of their atomic masses their properties repeat every 8th element.
John Newlands
200
Elements are generally divided into what 3 categories?
metals
nonmetals
semimetals/metalloids
200
Like charges ___ and opposite charges ___.
repel, attract
200
What is the trend for atomic and ionic radius on the periodic table?
left, down
200
What is the trend for ionization energy on the periodic table.
Ionization energy increases up and to the right
200
Electronegativity increases as you move to the ___ and ___.
right, up
400
Considered the "father" of the periodic table
Dmetri Mendeleev
400
These elements are shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat/electricity.
metals
400
Within an atom, the electrons are attracted to the ___.
nucleus/protons
400
What causes the vertical trend in radius on the periodic table?
more energy shells as you move down a group.
400
What is ionization energy?
Energy required to remove electron from valence shell.
400
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom's nucleus to attract electrons from another atom.
600
Figured out that elements must be arranged by atomic number rather than atomic mass.
Henry Moseley
600
Iodine (I), chlorine (Cl), and bromine (Br) belong to which group? Give group name.
halogens
600
As atomic number increases, what happens to the charge of the nucleus? Be specific.
charge becomes more positive
600
Which atom has the smallest radius?
A. Te, tellurium
B. Se, selenium
C. S, sulfur
D. O, oxygen
D. O, oxygen
600
Which atom has the lowest ionization energy?
A. Te, tellurium
B. Se, selenium
C. S, sulfur
D. O, oxygen
A. Te, tellurium
600
What is the most electronegative element?
Fluorine
800
Proposed the first quantum model of the atom, depicting the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets around the sun.
Niels Bohr
800
Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) belong to which group? Give group name.
Alkali metals
800
If you have two charged particles and the magnitude of one increases, what happens to the electric force between them?
electric force increases
F = k q1q2/r2
800
Why does atomic radius decrease as you move across a period (left to right)?
Increase in protons/atomic number/ nucleus' pull on electron cloud.
800
Which element has the highest ionization energy?
A. C, carbon
B. N, nitrogen
C. O, oxygen
D. F, fluorine
D. F, fluorine
800
Which atom has the lowest electronegativity?
A. Te, tellurium
B. Se, selenium
C. S, sulfur
D. O, oxygen
A. Te, tellurium
1000
Discovered equations to describe how electrons are arranged around the nucleus in volumes of space called orbitals.
Erwin Schrödinger
1000
Beryllium (Be), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) belong to which group? Give group name.
Alkaline earth metals
1000
If you have two charged particles and the distance between them increases, what happens to the electric force between them?
the electric force decreases
F = k q1q2/r2
1000
Which particle has the largest radius?
A. Cu
B. Cu+
C. Cu2+
D. Cu3+
A. Cu
1000
Why is it easier to remove the first electron than it is to remove the 2nd or 3rd electron from an atom?
As the radius decreases, the pull on electrons by nucleus increases.
1000
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
A. C, carbon
B. N, nitrogen
C. O, oxygen
D. F, fluorine
D. F, fluorine
1200
Discovered the nucleus
Rutherford
1200
Why are noble gases generally unreactive?
octet/full valence shell/orbitals in valence shell are filled
1200
Only valence electrons are involved in chemical reactions. Why?
loosely held by the nucleus due to weaker electric force.
1200
Which particle has the largest radius?
A. Cl
B. Cl-
C. Br
D. Br-
D. Br-
1200
Which element has the LOWEST ionization energy?
Cl-, chloride
Cl, chlorine
O2-, oxide
O, oxygen
F-, fluoride
Br-, bromide
Br, bromine
Br, bromine
1200
Why does electronegativity increase?
stronger attractive force from nucleus