Metabolism
The capacity to cause change. Comes in "potential" and "kinetic" flavors.
energy
"Matter/energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed"
1st law of thermodynamics
what "ATP" stands for
Adenosine triphosphate (yes, you're allowed to butcher the work "adenosine")
most enzyme names end in this suffix
-ase
a nonprotein molecule that carries out metabolic processes not suited to proteins
cofactor
A common word for transfer of molecular movement from one group of atoms to another
heat
The portion of a system's energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout, as in a living cell
free energy
The 3 types of work
chemical, transport, mechanical
The reactant molecule on which an enzyme acts, producing a product.
substrate
this binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding
competitive inhibitor
A "metabolic ______," such as a kinase cascade begins with a specific molecule, and proceeds through multiple steps to a specific product.
metabolic pathway
also known as the principle of conservation of energy
1st law of thermodynamics
this molecule is the result of ATP losing a phosphate group
ADP/Adenosine diphosphate
Energy required to start a chemical reaction
when the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway
feedback inhibition
This type of chemical reaction releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules.
catabolic reaction
a chemical reaction that absorbs free energy from its environment
endergonic reaction
The use of an exergonic process to fuel an endergonic one
energy coupling
active site
inhibitors that form covalent bonds with an enzyme, such as certain toxins and venoms
irreversible inhibitors
Also known as a "biosynthetic pathway"
a chemical reaction where ΔG is negative
exergonic reaction
The recipient molecule of a a phosphate group from ATP
phosphorylated intermediate
Instead of heat, enzymes carry out this process to speed up reactions
catalysis
when a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site and affects the protein’s function at another site
allosteric regulation