Cellular Respiration Processes
process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen
what is aerobic respiration?
integral membrane protein that transports glucose
what is a GLUT protein?
process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds
what is carbon fixation?
organelle in which photosynthesis takes place
what is a chloroplast?
process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen
what is anerobic respiration?
membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it
what is ATP synthase?
first stage of photosynthesis where certain wavelengths of the visible light are absorbed to form ATP and NADPH
what is the light-dependent reaction?
photosynthetic pigment that functions to dispose of excess energy
what is a carotenoid?
process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH
what is glycolysis?
addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound
what is phosphorylation?
second stage of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is used to build carbohydrate molecules, powered by energy from ATP and NADPH
what is the light-independent reaction?
organism that can build organic molecules using energy derived from inorganic chemicals instead of sunlight
what is a chemoautotroph?
series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions in all living cells for extraction of energy from carbohydrates
what is the citric acid/Krebs cycle?
chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction
what is a redox reaction?
group of proteins, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy
what is the photosystem?
stack of thylakoids located inside a chloroplast
what is the granum?
regenerating NAD+ with either a compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen
what is fermentation?
enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer
what is isomerase?
complex that passes energy from sunlight to the reaction center in each photosystem; consists of multiple antenna pigments that contain a mixture of chlorophyll a and b molecules and other pigments like carotenoids
what is the light harvesting complex?
molecule that is capable of absorbing certain wavelengths of light and reflecting others
what is a photon?