Bone Sections
An exaggerated thoracic curvature or "hunchback" of the vertebral column is called
KYphosis
What are the major functions of the skeletal system? (3)
Shape/Support
PROTECTION
Movement
Blood cell formation
Inorganic salt storage
Describe a COMPOUND fracture
Broken bone is EXPOSED TO THE OUTSIDE
These cells are responsible for REMOVING excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process
AKA "BONE BREAKERS"
OsteoCLASTs
The flared top and bottom of a long bone are the
Epiphysis
The atlas is one of WHICH TYPE of vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
Any bones that are classified as "cube-like" are known as
SHORT bones
WHO is MOST at risk of developing osteoporosis (3 details)
Fair-Skinned
Women
Post-menopause
OsteoBLASTS are bone _____________
OsteoCLASTS are bone _______________
OsteoCYTES are bone ____________
"Makers"
"Breakers"
Cells (mature)
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of what 3 types of cells?
RBC
WBC
Platelets
cervical and lumbar curvatures
Why do we need VITAMIN D?
Why do we need CALCIUM?
Vitamin D: Necessary for the absorption of calcium
-->
Calcium: Makes bones HARD and resistant to crushing
Name 2 LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS of developing osteoporosis?
HINT: We discussed how to PREVENT--these two are directly related
Low intake of Vitamin D/ CALCIUM
Lack of physical EXERCISE
Drug use: Smoking + Alcohol
Endochondral ossification involves forming bone by replacing...
Hyaline CARTILAGE
Compact bone is characterized by:
Spongy bone is characterized by:
Compact: tightly packed tissue/NO SPACES- Makes it strong and resistant to bending
Spongy: Filled with spaces- reducing the weight of bones
The ribs that join the sternum DIRECTLY are called ....
True ribs
DAILY DOUBLE: Name ALL the bones in the Upper and lower limbs
Need clear headings
Upper limb: Humerus/Ulna/Radius/ Carpals/ Metacarpals/ Phalanges
Lower limb: Femur/Patella/Tibia/ Fibula/ Tarsals/ Metatarsals + Phalanges
What disorders/issues can lack of these crucial vitamins lead to...
Vitamin A + Vitamin D
Vitamin A: Retardation of bone development--Development of "slender" bones
Vitamin D: Rickets/ Osteoporosis
Intramembranous ossification involves replacing __________ with bone
connective tissue
Describe osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the DENSITY of bone is REDUCED.
Spongy bone develops large spaces and canals
Describe the MALE vs FEMALE pelvis
Male Female
Taller Broader
Narrower Flared
Smaller pubic arch Larger P.A.
Heavier in weight Lighter
1. Name the FIVE groups that bones are CLASSIFIED into
2. Give an EXAMPLE of bones that go with each
Long bones- Femur
Short bones- carpals/ tarsals
Flat bones- scapula
Irregular bones- vertebra
Round bones- patella
What are the 4 steps of fracture repair?
1. Hematoma (blood clot)
2. Cartilaginous callus (Cartilage scaffolding)
3. Bony callus (Bone development by osteoblasts)
4. Remodeling
What is NOT found in spongy bone that is a main component of compact bone
OSTEONS
What types of exercise would you as a doctor, recommend to your patients who are at risk for osteoporosis?
WEIGHT-BEARING exercises-- Jogging, Walking etc