Ch. 7.2 Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities Key Terms
What is body planes
imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections
Cranial
Body parts located near the head
Lateral
Body parts away from the midline
superficial/external
Indicates the structures are located near the body surface
ventral cavity
separated into two distinct cavities by the dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm, which is important for breathing
Bilateral condition
affect both sides of the body
caudal
body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column
Frontal/coronal plane
divides the body into a front section and a back section
Deep/internal
To indicate the structures are located away from the body surface
thoracic cavity
located in the chest and contains the esophagus trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels
Unilateral condition
affects one side of the body
Sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right sections
ventral/anterior
body parts in front of the plane, or on the front of the body
body cavities
one long, continuous cavity located on the back of the body
abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen
Transverse plane
is a horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half
midsagittal/median plane
If a sagittal plane runs down the midline of the body and divides the body into equal halves
dorsal/posterior
Body parts on the back of the body
Cranial cavity
contains the brain
pelvic cavity
contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine.
Superior
Body parts above other parts are termed superior
medial
body parts close to the midline, or plane
proximal/distal
used to describe the location of the extremities in relation to the main trunk of the body, generally called the point of reference
spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord
Three small cavities
Orbital, nasal, buccal
Eyes, nose structure, for teeth and tongue