Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System
Appendicular Skeleton
forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
Diaphysis
long shaft of the long bone
Fontanels
soft spots that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs; made of membrane and cartilage - turn into solid bone by approximately 18 months of age
Medullary Canal
cavity in the diaphysis that is filled with yellow marrow
Periosteum
outside of the bone that is covered with blood vessels
Axial Skeleton
forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breast bone
Endosteum
membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact
Foramina
openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone
Metacarpals
palm of the hand
Phalanges
part of the arm bones - 14 total; 3 on each finger and 2 on the thumbs
Carpals
wrists ( bone of the arm)
Epiphysis
the two extremities/ends of the long bone
Humerus
one bone of the upper arm
Metatarsals
instep of foot
Radius
lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely
Clavicles
2 collarbones that the shoulder/pectoral are made of
Femur
part of the leg
Joints
a point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined
Os Coax
what the pelvic girdle is made of - joins with the sacrum on the dorsal part of the body
Red Marrow
found in certain bones such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium, and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur; where a process known as hematopoiesis takes place
Cranium
spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain
Fibula
part of the leg
Ligaments
a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartillages or holds together a joint
Patella
kneecap
Ribs
12 pairs that attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body