Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
What is diaphysis?
The long shaft of a long bone.
What is fotanels?
"Soft spots"; spaces in the cranium at birth made of membrane and cartilage that allow for brain growth and turn to solid bone by about 18 months.
What is the medullary canal?
A cavity in the diaphysis (shaft) of a long bone, filled with yellow marrow.
What is the periosteum?
The tough membrane covering the outside of a bone, necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
What is the axial skeleton?
Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone.
What is endosteum?
A membrane that lines the medullary canal, keeps the yellow marrow intact, and produces some bone growth
What is foramina?
Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
What is the metacarpal?
The 5 bones that form the palm of the hand.
What are the phalanges?
The 14 bones of the fingers (3 on each finger, 2 on the thumb) and the 14 bones of the toes (2 on the great toe, 3 on each of the other toes).
What is carpals?
The 8 bones of the wrist?
What is femur?
The upper leg bone, or thigh bone.
What is humerus?
The upper arm bone.
What is the metatarsals?
The 5 bones of the instep of the foot.
What is the radius?
The bone of the lower arm on the thumb side.
What is clavicles?
THe two collarboens, which are part of the shoulder girdle
What is epiphysis?
The two extremities, or ends, of a long bone.
What is joints?
Areas where two or more bones join together.
What is the os coxae?
The two coxal, or hip, bones, which are part of the pelvic girdle.
What is the red marrow?
Found in certain bones (like vertebrae, ribs, sternum, cranium, and ends of humerus and femur); it produces red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells.
What is the cranium?
The spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain, made of eight bones
What is the fibula?
The slender, smaller bone of the lower leg.
What are ligaments?
Connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints.
What is the patella?
The kneecap.
What is the ribs?
The 12 pairs of bones that attach to the thoracic vertebrae; they protect the heart and lungs.