Key Terms
appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton forms & the extremities and is composed of the shoulder. girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones
diaphysis
The long shaft is called the diaphysis,
foramina
-Foramina are openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
medullary canal
the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact
periosteum
The periosteum is necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
axial skeleton
The axial skeleton forms the main trunk of the body.com and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs,
endosteum
The endosteum is a membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact.
humerus
1 humerus (upper arm),
metacarpals
5 metacarpals (palm of the hand),
phalanges
14 phalanges (2 on the great toe and 3 on each of the other 4 toes)
carpals-
(wrist bone)
epiphysis
two extremities, or ends, are each called an epiphysis.
joints
joints are areas where two or more bones join together
metatarsals
5 metatarsals (instep of foot),
radius
1 radius (lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely),
clavicles
(collarbones)
fibula
1 fibula (the slender smaller bone of the lower leg that attaches to the proximal end of the tibia)
femur
the femur (upper leg bone).
os coxae
Each os coxae is made of three fused sections: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubi
red marrow
the red marrow is used to diagnose blood diseases and is sometimes transplanted in people with defective immune systems.
cranium
The cranium is the spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain
fontanels
Spaces called fontanels, or "soft spots," allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs. The fontanels are made of membrane and cartilage, and turn into solid bone by approximately 18 months of age.
ligaments
Connective tissue bands, called ligaments, help hold long bones together
patella
1 patella (kneecap)
ribs
-There are 12 pairs of ribs. They attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body. The first seven pairs are called true ribs because they attach directly to the sternum, or breastbone, on the front of the body.