Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms
Appendicular skeleton
Forms the extremities of the skeleton (shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones)
Axial skeleton
Skeletal system half containing the main trunk of the body (Skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone)
Carpals
Wrist bones (8 per)
Clavicles
Collarbones
Femur
Thigh bone
Cranium
Spherical structure surrounding and protecting the brain
Diaphysis
Long shaft of a long bone
Endosteum
A membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps yellow marrow intact
Epiphysis
Two ends of a long bone
Fibula
Slender, smaller bone of the lower leg attached to the proximal end of tibia
Fontanels
Soft spots allowing for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs
Foramina
Openings in the bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone
Humerus
Upper arm bones (1 per)
Joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
Ligaments
Connective tissue bands holding long bones together at joints
Medullary Canal
Cavity in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow
Metacarpals
Palm of the hand bones (5 per)
Metatasals
Instep of foot bone (5 on each leg)
Os Coxae
Two parts of the pelvic girdle joined on the sacrum on the dorsal side of body
Patella
Kneecap
Periosteum
Outside of the of the bone covered
Phalanges
Small foot bone (2 on the great toe and 3 on each of the other 4 toes)
Small hand bones (3 on each finger and 2 on the thumb)
Radius
Bone on lower arm on the thumb side that rotates around the ulna so hand can turn freely (1 per)
Red Marrow
Found in certain bones; where hematopoiesis takes place
Ribs
Bones attached to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body (12 pairs; 24 total)