Ch.7.4
appendicular skeleton
Forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
axial skeleton
Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone.
cranium
The spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain.
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together.
carpals
The eight bones that make up the wrist
phalanges
The bones that form the fingers and toes.
ligaments
Connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints.
clavicles
The two collarbones.
diaphysis
The long shaft of a long bone.
radius
The lower arm bone on the thumb side that rotates around the ulna.
epiphysis
One of the two extremities, or ends, of a long bone.
red marrow
Found in certain bones (vertebrae, ribs, sternum, cranium, and proximal ends of the humerus and femur); it is where hematopoiesis (production of red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells) takes place.
skeletal system
A system made of organs called bones that forms the framework of the body
ribs
The 12 pairs of curved bones that attach to the thoracic vertebrae.
medullary canal
A cavity in the diaphysis (shaft) of a long bone.
humerus
The bone of the upper arm.
scapulas
The shoulder bones.
os coxae
The coxal, or hip, bones. The pelvic girdle is made of two of these.
sinuses
Air spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice.
tibia
The larger weight-bearing bone of the lower leg, commonly called the shin bone.
vertebrae
The 26 bones that compose the spinal column, which protect the spinal cord and provide support for the head and trunk
tarsals
The seven bones that make up the ankle.
yellow marrow
Fills the medullary canal and is mainly a storage area for fat cells. It also contains cells that form white blood cells.
fontanels
Spaces in the cranium at birth, also called "soft spots," that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs.
periosteum
A tough membrane that covers the outside of bone, containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts. It is necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.