Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms
The appendicular skeleton forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
appendicular skeleton
The main shaft or central part of a long bone. endosteum: A thin membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue, particularly the medullary canal.
diaphysis
Soft spots' made of membrane and cartilage in the infant skull.
fontanels
The central hollow space within the shaft of long bones, which contains bone marrow.
medullary canal
14 phalanges in the hand (3 on each finger, 2 on the thumb) and 14 in the foot (2 on the great toe, 3 on each other toe).
phalanges
The axial skeleton forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone.
axial skeleton
A thin membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue, particularly the medullary canal.
endosteum
Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
foramina
5 metacarpals (palm of the hand)
metacarpals
lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna
radius
8 carpals (wrist)
carpals
The end part of a long bone, wider than the shaft, where it forms a joint.
epiphysis
1 humerus (upper arm)
humerus
5 metatarsals (instep of foot)
metatarsals
Produces red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), and some white blood cells (leukocytes).
red marrow
2 clavicles (collarbones)
clavicles
1 femur (thigh)
femur
Areas where two or more bones join together.
joints
Two coxal, or hip, bones that make up the pelvic girdle. patella: 1 patella (kneecap).
os coxae
12 pairs of ribs that attach to the thoracic vertebrae
ribs
The spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain.
cranium
(the slender smaller bone of the lower leg that attaches to the proximal end of the tibia).
fibula
Connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints.
ligaments
The tough membrane covering the outside of bone, containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts.
periosteum
2 scapulas (shoulder bones)
scapulas