key terms
Appendicular skeleton
forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones
diaphysis
The long shaft
fontanels
allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs
medullary canal
A cavity in the diaphysis.
periosteum
The outside of bone is covered with a tough membrane
axial skeleton
forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone.
endosteum
Is a membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact
foramina
Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
metacarpals
Palm of the hand
phalanges
bones that make up the fingers and toes
carpals
refers to the wrist and the 8 bones that make up the carpus
epiphysis
the two small extermites, or ends
humerus
The bones in the upper arm
metatarsals
instep of foot
radius
bone on the lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely.
clavicles
refers to the collarbones
femur
thigh
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
os coxae
hip bones
red marrow
Found in certain bones such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium, and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur.
cranium
It is the spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain.
fibula
The slender, smaller bone of the lower leg that attaches to the proximal end of the tibia
ligaments
Connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints
patella
kneecap
ribs
The ribs are attached to the sternum with costal cartilages to form a "cage" that protects the heart and lungs