Ch. 7.5 KT
Abduction
: moving a body part away from the midline
Extension
: increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part
Flexion
: decreasing the angle between two bones, or bending a body part
Adduction
: moving a body part toward the midline
Fascia
: a tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects the tissue
Involuntary
meaning they function without conscious thought or control
Cardiac muscle
: forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood
Contracture
: a severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint
Excitability
: irritability, the ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse
Muscular system
: More than 600 muscles make up the system known as the muscular system.
Muscle tone
: This state of partial contraction is called muscle tone and is sometimes described as a state of readiness to act.
Contractibility
: muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves contract, or become short and thick, which causes movement
Origin
: the end that does not move
Circumduction
: moving in a circle at a joint, or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary, such as swinging an arm in a circle
Extensibility
: the ability to be stretched
Dorsiflexion
: bending backward or bending the foot toward the knee
Rotation
turning a body part around its own axis; for example, turning the head from side to side
Skeletal muscle
: is attached to bones and causes body movement.
Supination
turning a body part upward
Pronation
: turning a body part downward
Voluntary
: because a person has control over its action.
Visceral muscle
: also called smooth muscle, is found in the internal organs of the body, such as those of the digestive and respiratory systems, and the blood vessels and eyes.
Elasticity
: allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched
Plantar flexion
: bending forward or bending the foot away from the knee
Tendons
: strong, tough, fibrous connective-tissue cords.