Ch. 7.6 Nervous System Key Terms
Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System
The largest and highest section of the brain; responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, judgment, speech, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body movement.
Cerebrum
Midbrain
The section located below the cerebrum at the top of the brainstem. It is responsible for conducting impulses between brain parts and for certain eye and auditory reflexes.
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of the nerves and has two divisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
Acts as a relay center and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum. It also allows conscious recognition of pain and temperature.
Controls involuntary body functions.
Autonomic Nervous system
The section located between the cerebrum and midbrain.
Diencephalon
Nerves
A combination of many nerve fibers located outside the brain and spinal cord.
Pons
The section located below the midbrain and in the brainstem. It is responsible for conducting messages to other parts of the brain; for certain reflex actions including chewing, tasting, and saliva production; and for assisting with respiration.
The four hollow spaces located in the brain. They are filled with a clear, colorless fluid called cerebrospinal fluid.
Ventricles
A mass of nerve tissue well protected by membranes and the cranium, or skull.
Brain
Regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system, temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, and is involved in emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.
Hypothalamus
Nervous
Complex, highly organized system that coordinates all the activities of the body.
Somatic Nervous System
Carries messages between the CNS and the body.
Sianturi
The section below the back of the cerebrum. It is responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone.
Cerebellum
The lowest part of the brainstem. It connects with the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure.
Medulla Oblongata
Neuron
The basic structural unit of the nervous system, or nerve cell.
Continues down from the medulla oblongata and ends at the first or second lumbar vertebra. It is responsible for many reflex actions and for carrying sensory and motor messages.
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A clear, colorless fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain. It functions to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord, provides nutrients, and helps remove metabolic products and wastes.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.
Meninges
Parasympatheic
System that counteracts the actions of the sympathetic system by slowing heart rate, decreasing respiration, lowering blood pressure, and increasing activity in the digestive tract.
Sympathetic
System that prepares the body to act by increasing heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure and by slowing activity in the digestive tract. This is known as the fight or flight response.
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