Key Terms
Compensation-
This involves the substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success. If a substitute goal meets needs, this can be a healthy defense mechanism
development-
Development is more difficult to measure but usually proceeds from simple to complex tasks as maturation, or the process of becoming fully grown and developed, occurs
mental-
-Mental development is also rapid during the first year. Newborns respond to discomforts such as pain, cold, or hunger by crying.
needs-
a health-related requirement or deficiency that, if addressed by an effective intervention
physiological needs-
physiological needs include sensory and motor needs. If these needs are not met, individuals may not die, but their body functions will be affected. Sensory needs include hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, tasting, and mental stimulation
daydreaming-
Daydreaming provides a means of escape when a person is not satisfied with reality. If it allows a person to establish goals for the future and leads to a course of action to accomplish those goals, it is a good defense mechanism
late childhood-
The late childhood life stage, which covers ages 6-12, is also called preadolescence.
social-
Social development progresses gradually from the self- centeredness concept of the newborn to the recognition of others in the environment.
physical-
mental or cognitive, emotional, and social. Physical refers to body growth and includes height and weight changes, muscle and nerve development, and changes in body organs
Withdrawal-
There are two main ways withdrawal can occur: individuals can either cease to communicate or remove themselves physically from a situation
defense mechanisms-
Defense mechanisms provide methods for maintaining self-esteem and relieving discomfort. Some use of defense mechanisms is helpful because it allows individuals to cope with certain situations.
self-actualization-
Self-actualization means that people have obtained their full potentials, or that they are what they want to be.
middle adulthood-
Middle adulthood is a period when individuals have acquired a an understanding of life and have learned to cope with i many different stresses.
suppression-
This is similar to repression, but the individual is aware of the unacceptable feelings or thoughts and refuses to deal with them. The individual may substitute work, a hobby, or a project to avoid the situation.
denial-
Denial frequently occurs when a terminal illness is diagnosed. The individual will say that the doctor is wrong and will seek another opinion.
life stages-
Even though individuals differ greatly, each person passes through certain stages of growth and development from birth to death.
suicide-
found in many life stages, is one of the rug) leading causes of death in adolescents. Suicide is always a permanent solution to a temporary problem.
tension-
Indirect methods work at reducing the need or relieving the tension
depression-
occurs when patients realize that death will come soon and they will no longer be with their families or be able to complete their goals.
sexuality-
is both a part of the need for love and affection, as well as a physiological need/ It is important to note that in all three of these areas, sexuality involves a person
motivated-
When needs are felt, individuals are motivated (stimulated) to act. If the action is successful and the need is met, satisfaction
terminal illness-
Adults who have terminal illnesses or have a low quality of life may instruct their doctors, in writing, to withhold treatments that might prolong life.