They Make Up Everything
3 fundamental particles
What are proton, neutron & electron?
Atoms form bonds generally to satisfy this
What is the Octet Rule/attain Noble Gas configuration?
The electron pair geometry of CO
What is linear (AX2)?
Posits electron pairs repel each other to achieve maximum distant apart (need full name, not just acronym)
What is Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory?
The visible atomic emission spectrum for hydrogen
What is the Balmer series?
Ammonia
What is pointing up towards the nitrogen atom?
Water
What is sp3?
This set of experiments proved the particle nature of light
What is the photoelectric effect?
Rank the following in order of increasing bond polarity: P-H, O-H, N-H, F-H, C-H
What is P-H < C-H < N-H < O-H < F-H?
The molecular geometry of ammonia
What is trigonal pyramidal (AX3E)?
Suggests electrons exist locally about an atom and readily aggregate in-between atoms bonded to each other (two acceptable answers)
What is the Localized Electron Model or Valance Bond Theory?
The number of resonance structures for an oxalate ion
What is 4?
CO2
What is pointing away from the carbon towards the oxygen atoms but they cancel each other out?
CO2
What is sp?
The short-hand, "Noble Gas" electron configuration for a lead(IV) ion.
What is [Xe] 4f145d10
This fundamental law dictates the electrostatic interactions within all chemical bonds
What is Coulomb's Law?
The central atom for a tetrahedral molecule consisting of 3 chlorine atoms and 1 phosphorus & oxygen atom each
What is phosphorus?
The blending of differently-shaped atomic orbitals to accommodate preferential bonding geometries that match experimental data
What is hybridization?
The formal charge on the central atom of an ozone molecule
What is +1?
Hydrocyanic acid
What is pointing towards the nitrogen from the hydrogen through the carbon?
PCl5
What is dsp3?
The root cause for most periodic trends, including ionic size variations and fluctuations in IE & EA
What is the effective nuclear charge (Z*)?
This relationship between reactant & product bond energies to calculate a certain thermodynamic quantity (include equation in answer)
What is enthalpy = bonds broken - bonds formed?
The electron pair & molecular geometries for xenon tetrafluoride (two-part answer)
What are octahedral (AX6) & square planar (AX4E2)?
Accounts for bonding between atoms via constructive interference of atomic orbitals that create both "bonding" & "antibonding" orbitals...works best for homonuclear molecules
What is Molecular Orbital theory?
All molecules with an sp2 hybridization state will have this electron pair geometry
What is trigonal planar?
chloromethane
What is pointing towards the chlorine?
XeF4
What is d2sp3?
The phenomenon of attracting to a magnetic field due to the presence of these (two-part answer)
What is paramagnetism & unpaired electrons?
The two types of bonds which differ in their overlap of these (two-part answer, must specify type of overlap for each)
What are sigma (direct overlap) & pi (indirect overlap) bonds?
The molecular shape for a chlorine trifluoride molecule
What is T-shaped (AX3E2)?
Alternative explanation for molecular resonance of pi bonds, best exhibited by benzene molecule (C6H6)
What is electron delocalization?
The number of antibonding electrons in a helium diatom (He2 molecule)
What is 2?
Ozone
What is pointing towards the terminal oxygen atoms?
Benzene
What is sp2?