Composition of Matter/Types of Mixtures
substances that cannot be broken down chemically into other substances
elements
Name an example of a physical change
any change in color, size, shape, or state of matter
the three main states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
change from liquid to solid
freezing
what type of substance does Pascal's principle deal with?
fluids
all elements are composed of extremely small particles called
atoms
Name an example of a chemical change
any change from one substance to another substance
indefinite shape, definite volume
liquid
liquid becoming a gas
vaporization
in the upward direction
salad, pizza, and salt water are examples of
mixtures
A change that produces one or more new substances is called a ____________________ change
chemical
how are the particles in a liquid arranged?
they are free to move in a container but remain in close contact with one another
An uncovered pot of soup is simmering on a stove, and there are water droplets on the wall above the back of the stove. What sequence can you infer has occurred?
vaporization, then condensation
If an object floats, the volume of displaced water is equal to the volume of ____
the portion of the object that is submerged
A (an) ____________________is formed when two or more substances are so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts.
homogenous mixture
An object’s ____________________is a measure of the force of gravity acting on the object.
weight
Which of the three states would you expect to be most affected by the shape of its container?
Gas
What happens to the particles in a liquid when it vaporizes?
According to Boyle’s law, when the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, its volume ____.
decreases
describe the differences between a heterogenous mixture and a homogenous mixture.
heterogenous can be easily separated, like a suspension. homogenous cannot, and is usually a solution
Dissolving a spoonful of sugar in tea or coffee is an example of a(an) ____________________change.
physical
which state of matter has a definite shape and volume, with particles arranged in geometric shapes?
solid
Explain what happens to the water molecules in an ice cube when it is removed from a freezer.
In an ice cube, water molecules are arranged in a crystalline form. Inside the freezer, the ice cube is at a temperature below 0°C. When it is removed from the freezer, the ice cube absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings, mostly from the air in the room. At first, the added thermal energy causes the water molecules to vibrate faster, raising their temperature. When the temperature of the water molecules reaches 0°C, the melting point of water, the molecules vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions and the ice begins to melt.
According to Charles’s law, when the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, its ____
volume increases